Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Allergy, Skin and Asthma Federation, Helsinki, Finland.
Allergy. 2022 Aug;77(8):2367-2380. doi: 10.1111/all.15266. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
In Finland, a systematic public health programme was implemented from 2008 to 2018 to mitigate the burden of allergic disorders by revisiting the prevention strategy. Allergy health and contacts with natural environment were emphasized to promote immunological and psychological resilience instead of poorly justified avoidance. Allergy management practices were improved and low-valued recommendations for care, for example for food allergy, were revised. Patients and families were empowered to use guided self-management to proactively stop symptom exacerbations. A professional non-governmental organization implemented the nationwide education for healthcare and patient NGOs for patients, families and lay public. In healthcare, the work supporting allergic patients and families was organized towards common goals and integrated into everyday work without extra costs. Reaching the predefined goals was followed by employing the national healthcare registers and questionnaire surveys. Governmental bodies contributed with kick-off funding, which was supplemented by private funding. International collaboration, for example with the European patient organization (EFA), increased awareness of the Finnish action and predisposed it for peer review. The 10-year results are favourable, patients are less disabled, practices and attitudes in healthcare have changed, and major cost savings have been obtained. Views of the lay public and patients are slow to move, however. Local multidisciplinary allergy teams were set up to continue the activities also after the Programme. Changes in environment and lifestyle in the last 50 years are the main reasons for the allergy rise. The Finnish experience may help to manage allergic diseases, improve nature relatedness in the fast-urbanizing world, combat nature loss and reduce the disease burden.
在芬兰,从 2008 年到 2018 年,实施了一项系统的公共卫生计划,通过重新审视预防策略来减轻过敏疾病的负担。强调过敏健康和与自然环境的接触,以促进免疫和心理弹性,而不是不合理地避免。改进了过敏管理实践,并修订了低价值的护理建议,例如食物过敏。授权患者和家属使用指导下的自我管理来主动停止症状恶化。一个专业的非政府组织为医疗保健和患者非政府组织实施了全国性的教育,针对患者、家庭和普通公众。在医疗保健中,支持过敏患者和家庭的工作朝着共同的目标组织,并整合到日常工作中,而不增加额外的成本。达到既定目标后,利用国家医疗保健登记册和问卷调查进行跟踪。政府机构提供启动资金,私人资金对此进行补充。国际合作,例如与欧洲患者组织(EFA)的合作,提高了对芬兰行动的认识,并为同行评审做好了准备。10 年的结果是有利的,患者的残疾程度降低,医疗保健中的实践和态度发生了变化,并且节省了大量成本。然而,普通公众和患者的观点变化缓慢。成立了当地多学科过敏团队,以便在计划结束后继续开展活动。在过去的 50 年中,环境和生活方式的变化是过敏增加的主要原因。芬兰的经验可能有助于管理过敏疾病,改善快速城市化世界中与自然的关系,对抗自然丧失并减轻疾病负担。