预处理方法对巴旦木废水膜处理过程中膜通量、COD 和总酚去除效率的影响。
The effect of pre-treatment methods on membrane flux, COD, and total phenol removal efficiencies for membrane treatment of pistachio wastewater.
机构信息
Tarsus University, Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, 33400, Mersin, Turkey.
Mersin University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
出版信息
J Environ Manage. 2022 May 15;310:114762. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114762. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
In this study, the effect of pre-treatment methods was investigated for membrane treatment of pistachio processing wastewater (PPW). Chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were tested as the pretreatment methods to understand the effect of pretreatment on membrane performance. Alum (Al(SO)·18HO), iron (III) chloride (FeCl·6HO) and iron(II) sulfate (Fe(SO)·7HO) were used as coagulant and anionic polyelectrolyte was used as flocculant. Al-Al and Fe-Fe electrode pairs were used in the electrocoagulation experiments while platinum (Pt), boron doped diamond (BDD), and graphite were used in the electrooxidation experiments. UP150, NF270, and NF90 were used as the membranes. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol removal efficiencies from wastewater were determined by considering membrane flux. For chemical coagulation experiments, the highest COD removal efficiency was determined as 44.9% for Al(SO).18HO at 1000 mg/L when the wastewater pH value was 8.0. However, the highest total phenol removal efficiencies were obtined as 62.5% at 4000 mg/L for FeCl.6HO at pH 8. For electrocoagulation experiments, the highest COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 63.9% at pH 4.0 and 74.2% at pH 7.0, respectively, for 100 A/m current density when aluminum electrode pairs were used. For electrooxidation experiments, the highest COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 61.2% at pH 4.0 and 83.1% at pH 10, respectively, for 200 A/m current density when BDD-Pt electrode pairs were used. Raw PPW and pre-treated PPW with chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were progressively further treated with ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NF270, NF90) membranes to improve COD and total phenol removal efficiencies. The results showed that the permeate of NF90 membrane supplied the highest COD (96.0%) and total phenol removal (97.5%) efficiencies for the raw wastewater. However, COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 98.6% and 100% for electrocoagulation + NF90, 97.9% and 100% for electrooxidation + NF90, 96.6% and 100% for chemical coagulation + NF90, respectively. The steady-state fluxes for NF90 membranes were 2.9, 7.0, and 8.6 L/mh after chemical coagulation, electrooxidation, and electrocoagulation, respectively. The results depicted that electrocoagulation and electrooxidation were the most suitable pre-treatment methods for water recovery using NF90 membrane.
在这项研究中，研究了预处理方法对开心果加工废水（PPW）膜处理的影响。化学混凝、电混凝和电氧化工艺被测试为预处理方法，以了解预处理对膜性能的影响。硫酸铝（Al(SO)·18HO）、三氯化铁（FeCl·6HO）和硫酸亚铁（Fe(SO)·7HO）被用作混凝剂，阴离子型聚电解质被用作絮凝剂。在电混凝实验中使用了 Al-Al 和 Fe-Fe 电极对，而在电氧化实验中使用了铂（Pt）、掺硼金刚石（BDD）和石墨。使用 UP150、NF270 和 NF90 作为膜。通过考虑膜通量来确定废水中化学需氧量（COD）和总酚去除效率。对于化学混凝实验，当废水 pH 值为 8.0 时，Al(SO)·18HO 的 COD 去除效率最高，为 44.9%，浓度为 1000mg/L。然而，当 FeCl·6HO 的浓度为 4000mg/L 时，总酚去除效率最高，为 62.5%，pH 值为 8.0。对于电混凝实验，当电流密度为 100 A/m 时，pH 值分别为 4.0 和 7.0 时，COD 和总酚去除效率最高，分别为 63.9%和 74.2%。对于电氧化实验，当电流密度为 200 A/m 时，pH 值分别为 4.0 和 10.0 时，BDD-Pt 电极对的 COD 和总酚去除效率最高，分别为 61.2%和 83.1%。未经处理的开心果加工废水（PPW）和经过化学混凝、电混凝和电氧化预处理的废水，采用超滤（UP150）和纳滤（NF270、NF90）膜进一步处理，以提高 COD 和总酚去除效率。结果表明，NF90 膜的渗透液对原水的 COD（96.0%）和总酚去除（97.5%）效率最高。然而，电混凝+NF90 的 COD 和总酚去除效率分别为 98.6%和 100%，电氧化+NF90 为 97.9%和 100%，化学混凝+NF90 为 96.6%和 100%。NF90 膜的稳态通量分别为化学混凝后 2.9、7.0 和 8.6L/mh，电氧化和电混凝后。结果表明，电混凝和电氧化是使用 NF90 膜进行水回收的最适宜预处理方法。
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