Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/hurryknee.
Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Renal Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Founders, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/LiannAbuSalman.
Med Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;106(2):269-283. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.004. Epub 2022 Feb 2.
Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Many patients with hypertension have secondary causes of hypertension that merit further evaluation. For example, secondary hypertension can result in target organ damage to the heart, kidneys, and brain independent of the effects of blood pressure. Several causes benefit from targeted therapies to supplement first-line antihypertensive agents. However, secondary hypertension is often underrecognized. The goal of this review is to highlight optimal approaches to the diagnosis and management of common causes of secondary hypertension, including primary aldosteronism, renovascular hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and drug-induced hypertension.
高血压是全球心血管发病率和死亡率的主要原因。许多高血压患者存在继发性高血压病因，需要进一步评估。例如，继发性高血压可导致心脏、肾脏和大脑等靶器官损伤，且独立于血压的影响。某些病因通过针对特定病因的治疗可补充一线降压药物。然而，继发性高血压往往未被充分认识。本综述的目的是强调继发性高血压常见病因的诊断和管理的最佳方法，包括原发性醛固酮增多症、肾血管性高血压、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和药物引起的高血压。
