Graphene-Based Moisture Actuator with Oriented Microstructures Prepared by One-Step Laser Reduction for Accurately Controllable Responsive Direction and Position.

Actuators with fast and precise controllable responses are highly in demand for implementing agilely accurate mechanical movements in smart robots, intelligent sensors, biomimetic devices, and so on. Here, we report a graphene-based moisture actuator with accurately controllable direction and position responses achieved by a fast, controlled, and even programmable one-step laser reduction method. The laser reduction-induced oriented microstructures help to precisely guide the direction and location of the moisture response in graphene-based Janus films. The excellent moisture-mechanical response behaviors in these novel moisture actuators originate from the Janus structures and the periodic microstructures of a line-scanned layer. Our customized complex intelligent devices such as drums, bands, and three-dimensional wave humidity drives can highly match and verify the finite element simulations, which will inspire the creation of further smart robot designs for accurate deformation.