Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 3;14(5):1077. doi: 10.3390/nu14051077.
High red and processed meat intake (RPMI) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to assess the impact of RPMI on CRC risk according to and in comparison with genetically determined risk, which was quantified by a polygenic risk score (PRS). RPMI and potential confounders (ascertained by questionnaire) and a PRS (based on 140 CRC-related loci) were obtained from 5109 CRC cases and 4134 controls in a population-based case−control study. Associations of RPMI with CRC risk across PRS levels were assessed using logistic regression models and compared to effect estimates of PRS using “genetic risk equivalent” (GRE), a novel metric for effective risk communication. RPMI multiple times/week, 1 time/day, and >1 time/day was associated with 19% (95% CI 1% to 41%), 41% (18% to 70%), and 73% (30% to 132%) increased CRC risk, respectively, when compared to RPMI ≤ 1 time/week. Associations were independent of PRS levels (pinteraction = 0.97). The effect of RPMI > 1 time/day was equivalent to the effect of having 42 percentiles higher PRS level (GRE 42, 95% CI 20−65). RPMI increases CRC risk regardless of PRS levels. Avoiding RPMI can compensate for a substantial proportion of polygenic risk for CRC.
高红肉和加工肉类摄入（RPMI）是结直肠癌（CRC）的既定风险因素。我们旨在评估 RPMI 根据和与遗传确定的风险相比对 CRC 风险的影响，遗传风险是通过多基因风险评分（PRS）来量化的。在一项基于人群的病例对照研究中，从 5109 例 CRC 病例和 4134 例对照中获得了 RPMI 以及潜在的混杂因素（通过问卷确定）和 PRS（基于 140 个 CRC 相关基因座）。使用逻辑回归模型评估 RPMI 与 CRC 风险在 PRS 水平上的关联，并使用“遗传风险等效物”（GRE）与 PRS 的效应估计进行比较，GRE 是一种用于有效风险沟通的新指标。与每周摄入 RPMI≤1 次相比，每周摄入 RPMI 多次、每天摄入 1 次和>1 次分别与 CRC 风险增加 19%（95%CI 1%至 41%）、41%（18%至 70%）和 73%（30%至 132%）相关。关联与 PRS 水平无关（p 交互=0.97）。每天摄入 RPMI>1 次的效果相当于 PRS 水平高 42 个百分点的效果（GRE 42，95%CI 20 至 65）。无论 PRS 水平如何，RPMI 都会增加 CRC 的风险。避免摄入 RPMI 可以补偿 CRC 多基因风险的很大一部分。
