Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Unit of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 26;23(5):2603. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052603.
Renal oncocytoma represents the most common type of benign neoplasm that is an increasing concern for urologists, oncologists, and nephrologists due to its difficult differential diagnosis and frequent overtreatment. It displays a variable neoplastic parenchymal and stromal architecture, and the defining cellular element is a large polygonal, granular, eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cell known as an oncocyte. The real challenge in the oncocytoma treatment algorithm is related to the misdiagnosis due to its resemblance, at an initial radiological assessment, to malignant renal cancers with a completely different prognosis and medical treatment. Unfortunately, percutaneous renal biopsy is not frequently performed due to the possible side effects related to the procedure. Therefore, the majority of oncocytoma are diagnosed after the surgical operation via partial or radical nephrectomy. For this reason, new reliable strategies to solve this issue are needed. In our review, we will discuss the clinical implications of renal oncocytoma in daily clinical practice with a particular focus on the medical diagnosis and treatment and on the potential of novel promising molecular biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs to distinguish between a benign and a malignant lesion.
肾嗜酸细胞瘤是最常见的良性肿瘤，由于其鉴别诊断困难且常过度治疗，因此越来越引起泌尿科医生、肿瘤学家和肾脏病学家的关注。它表现出可变的肿瘤实质和基质结构，其特征性的细胞成分是一种大的多边形、颗粒状、嗜酸性、富含线粒体的细胞，称为嗜酸细胞瘤。在肾嗜酸细胞瘤的治疗算法中，真正的挑战与由于其在初始影像学评估中与预后和治疗方法完全不同的恶性肾细胞癌相似而导致的误诊有关。不幸的是，由于与该程序相关的可能的副作用，经皮肾活检并不经常进行。因此，大多数肾嗜酸细胞瘤是在通过部分或根治性肾切除术进行手术操作后诊断出来的。出于这个原因，需要新的可靠策略来解决这个问题。在我们的综述中，我们将讨论肾嗜酸细胞瘤在日常临床实践中的临床意义，特别关注其诊断和治疗，以及循环 microRNAs 等有前途的新型分子生物标志物在鉴别良恶性病变方面的潜力。
