City, University of London, Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; Michael Palin Centre, 13-15 Pine St, Farringdon, London EC1R 0JG, United Kingdom.
City, University of London, Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; Michael Palin Centre, 13-15 Pine St, Farringdon, London EC1R 0JG, United Kingdom.
J Commun Disord. 2022 May-Jun;97:106201. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106201. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Increased emotional reactivity and decreased regulation have been associated with increased stuttering severity and frequency in preschool children who stutter (CWS) and may be predictors for the development of negative reactions to stuttering in young children. Understanding which children are likely to be impacted to a greater or lesser degree has implications for clinical decision making. Associations between temperament and stuttering impact have been explored with older CWS, but not with preschool CWS.
To investigate the relationship between temperament (specifically emotional reactivity and regulation) and both stuttering frequency and stuttering impact in preschool CWS.
Data collected at initial assessment for 119 young CWS (age range= 3;00-6;11 years) at a specialist centre for stuttering in London, UK were analysed. The following measures were completed: The Children's Behaviour Questionnaire-Short Form (Putnam & Rothbart, 2006); Palin Parent Rating Scales (Millard & Davis, 2016); The Communication Attitude Test for Preschool and Kindergarten Children Who Stutter (Vanryckeghem & Brutten, 2007); and a stuttering frequency measure.
Emotional reactivity and regulation were not significantly associated with stuttering frequency. Higher scores on negative reactivity were significantly associated with an increased impact of stuttering on the child (from parents' perspective), but not significantly associated with child-reported communication attitude. Positive reactivity was not significantly associated with parent-reported impact of stuttering or child-reported communication attitude. Additional investigation revealed negative affect as a significant predictor of parent-reported impact of stuttering before and after adjusting for age.
The results provide evidence to support the role of temperament on the impact that stuttering has in the early years. While the directionality of the relationship between negative reactivity and impact of stuttering is unknown, the importance of targeting emotional reactions in therapy for young CWS is implicated.
在口吃的学龄前儿童（CWS）中，情绪反应增加和调节能力下降与口吃严重程度和频率增加有关，并且可能是预测幼儿对口吃产生负面反应的因素。了解哪些儿童受到的影响较大或较小，对于临床决策具有重要意义。已经探讨了气质与口吃影响之间的关联，主要针对年长的 CWS，但是没有针对学龄前 CWS。
研究学龄前 CWS 的气质（特别是情绪反应和调节）与口吃频率和口吃影响之间的关系。
对英国伦敦一家口吃专科中心的 119 名年轻 CWS（年龄范围为 3 岁 0 个月至 6 岁 11 个月）在初始评估时收集的数据进行了分析。完成了以下评估：儿童行为问卷-短表（Putnam & Rothbart，2006）；Palin 父母评定量表（Millard & Davis，2016）；口吃学龄前和幼儿园儿童沟通态度测试（Vanryckeghem & Brutten，2007）；以及口吃频率评估。
情绪反应和调节与口吃频率没有显著关联。负性反应得分较高与口吃对儿童（从父母的角度）的影响增加显著相关，但与儿童报告的沟通态度无显著关联。正性反应与父母报告的口吃影响或儿童报告的沟通态度无显著关联。进一步的调查显示，在调整年龄因素前后，负性情绪均为父母报告的口吃影响的重要预测因素。
结果为气质对口吃早期影响的作用提供了证据支持。虽然负性反应与口吃影响之间的关系方向尚不清楚，但在针对年轻 CWS 的治疗中，关注情绪反应的重要性已被提出。
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