Arsenic biotransformation in industrial wastewater treatment residue: Effect of co-existing Shewanella sp. ANA-3 and MR-1.

Shewanella sp. ANA-3 with the respiratory arsenate reductase (ArrAB) and MR-1 with ferric reduction ability always coexist in the presence of high arsenic (As)-containing waste residue. However, their synergistic impacts on As transformation and mobility remain unclear. To identify which bacterium, ANA-3 or MR-1, dominates As mobility in the coexisting environment, we explored the As biotransformation in the industrial waste residue in the presence of Shewanella sp. ANA-3 and MR-1. The incubation results show that As(III) was the main soluble species, and strain ANA-3 dominated As mobilization. The impact of ANA-3 was weakened by MR-1, probably due to the survival competition between these two bacteria. The results of micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses further reveal the pathway for ANA-3 to enhance As mobility. Strain ANA-3 almost reduced 100% surface-bound Fe(III), and consequently led to As(V) release. The dissolved As(V) was then reduced to As(III) by ANA-3. The results of this study help to understand the fate of arsenic in the subsurface and highlight the importance of the safe disposal of high As-containing industrial waste.