Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
Neuropsychology and Clinical Psychology Unit, Duttanager Mental Health Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2023 Jul;37(5):1025-1042. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2047789. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
: The clock drawing test (CDT) is a widely used cognitive screening test. However, CDT performance is affected by education. This study examined an alternative, the Papadum test, designed for people with low levels of education/literacy. The association between education and test performance, correlation between CDT and Papadum test, and diagnostic accuracy of both CDT and Papadum tests were examined. : 89 healthy literate adults and 59 literate adults (all Bengali speaking) with a diagnosis of mild-moderate dementia from hospitals in Kolkata, India undertook the CDT and the Papadum test. : Education had a significant association with the CDT but not with the Papadum test. Across the whole sample there was a significant correlation between CDT and Papadum, but not within separate groups of healthy controls and patients. Diagnostic accuracy for the Papadum test was similar to that for CDT. : Results highlight the strong influence that education has on CDT performance indicating that it is not suitable for those with low levels of literacy. The Papadum test could provide a viable alternative as a screening tool to the CDT for use with people who are illiterate or have low levels of education. Further validation studies are required.
: 画钟测验(CDT)是一种广泛使用的认知筛查测试。然而,CDT 的表现受到教育的影响。本研究检验了一种替代方法,即 Papadum 测试,专为教育程度/识字水平低的人群设计。研究检查了教育与测试表现之间的关联、CDT 和 Papadum 测试之间的相关性,以及 CDT 和 Papadum 测试的诊断准确性。: 89 名健康的有文化的成年人和 59 名有文化的成年人(均为孟加拉语使用者)在印度加尔各答的医院接受了 CDT 和 Papadum 测试,这些成年人患有轻度至中度痴呆症。: 教育与 CDT 有显著关联,但与 Papadum 测试无关。在整个样本中,CDT 和 Papadum 之间存在显著相关性,但在健康对照组和患者的单独组中没有相关性。Papadum 测试的诊断准确性与 CDT 相似。: 结果突出了教育对 CDT 表现的强烈影响,表明它不适合识字水平低的人。对于那些不识字或教育程度低的人来说,Papadum 测试可以作为 CDT 的一种可行替代筛查工具。需要进一步的验证研究。
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