From the School of Sport and Exercise Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
Menopause. 2022 Jun 1;29(6):714-722. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001963.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of habitual exercise training and metabolic health on basal cardiac autonomic function and cardiac autonomic recovery after exercise in healthy postmenopausal women (PMW).
Habitually aerobically trained PMW (PMW-tr; 56 ± 1y; n = 11), and untrained PMW (PMW-un; 57 ± 1y; n = 13) and premenopausal women (PreM; ages 26 ± 1y; n = 14) were studied. Cardiac autonomic function, assessed using heart rate variability (HRV), was measured before and one hour after 45-minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (60% VO2peak). Fast Fourier frequency domain measures of high (HF; 0.15 Hz-0.4 Hz), low (LF; 0.04 Hz-0.15 Hz), very low (VLF; 0.01 Hz-0.04 Hz), and Total (VLF + LF + HF) HRV were assessed. Serum estradiol, insulin, and glucose were determined, and HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance, was calculated.
In PMW groups, body composition and serum markers did not differ (P > 0.05). Pre-exercise, heart rate was lower (P < 0.05) in PMW-tr than PMW-un, yet HRV did not differ (P > 0.05). In PMW-tr only, HF was inversely associated (P < 0.05) with insulin (r = -0.738) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.758). In PreM, HRV was higher than PMW (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with estradiol (P < 0.05). Postexercise, HRV was decreased within all groups (P < 0.05) yet remained higher in PreM (P < 0.05), and similar (P > 0.05) between PMW.
Basal and postexercise HRV does not differ between habitually aerobically trained and untrained PMW. However, greater insulin sensitivity was associated with higher cardiac parasympathetic tone in trained PMW only. Exercise training may favorably modulate cardiac autonomic-metabolic interactions in PMW.
本研究旨在探讨习惯性运动训练和代谢健康对健康绝经后女性（PMW）基础心脏自主功能和运动后心脏自主功能恢复的影响。
研究了习惯性有氧训练的 PMW（PMW-tr；56±1 岁；n=11）、未训练的 PMW（PMW-un；57±1 岁；n=13）和绝经前女性（PreM；年龄 26±1 岁；n=14）。使用心率变异性（HRV）评估心脏自主功能，在 45 分钟中等强度运动（60% VO2peak）前后进行测量。快速傅里叶频域测量高频（HF；0.15 Hz-0.4 Hz）、低频（LF；0.04 Hz-0.15 Hz）、极低频（VLF；0.01 Hz-0.04 Hz）和总（VLF+LF+HF）HRV。测定血清雌二醇、胰岛素和血糖，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。
在 PMW 组中，身体成分和血清标志物没有差异（P>0.05）。PMW-tr 的静息心率低于 PMW-un（P<0.05），但 HRV 没有差异（P>0.05）。仅在 PMW-tr 中，HF 与胰岛素（r=-0.738，P<0.05）和 HOMA-IR（r=-0.758，P<0.05）呈负相关。在 PreM 中，HRV 高于 PMW（P<0.05），并与雌二醇呈正相关（P<0.05）。运动后，所有组的 HRV 均降低（P<0.05），但 PreM 仍较高（P<0.05），PMW 之间相似（P>0.05）。
习惯性有氧训练和未训练的 PMW 之间的基础和运动后 HRV 没有差异。然而，仅在训练有素的 PMW 中，较高的胰岛素敏感性与较高的心脏副交感神经张力相关。运动训练可能有利于调节 PMW 的心脏自主代谢相互作用。
