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Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Outcome Due to Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Paediatric Liver Transplant Patients in the Era of Antimicrobial Stewardship and Screening.

作者信息

Verma Anita, Vimalesvaran Sunitha, Dhawan Anil

机构信息

Department of Infection Sciences, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK.

Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK.

出版信息

Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Mar 15;11(3):387. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030387.


DOI:10.3390/antibiotics11030387
PMID:35326850
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8944546/
Abstract

(1) Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are a growing problem in liver transplant recipients (LTR), associated with high morbidity and mortality. We reviewed the impact of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and active screening of MDRO on the epidemiology and outcomes in paediatric LTR. (2) Methods: Single-centre retrospective review of paediatric LTR from January 2017 to December 2018. (3) Results: Ninety-six children were included; 32 (33%) patients were colonised with ≥1 MDRO and 22 (23%) patients had MDRO infections. Median (IQR) duration for start of infection was 9.5 (1.8−16.0) days. Colonisation rate with Gram-positive MDRO was 15.6%, with infection rate of 6.2%; majority due to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Colonisation with Gram-negative MDRO was 27.0%, with infection rate of 16.6%; majority due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae. Colonisation and infection rate due to Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 6% and 3%, respectively, during screening and AMS, compared to historical control of 25% and 30%, respectively, without screening and AMS. There was significant reduction in VRE and CRE infection during AMS period in comparison to historical control. Pre-transplant risk factors including bacterial infections pre-transplant (p < 0.01), diagnosis of biliary atresia (p = 0.03), exposure to antibiotics (p < 0.01), EBV viraemia (p = 0.01), and auxiliary transplantation (p < 0.01) were associated with post-transplant MDRO infections. Patients with MDRO infections had longer length of hospital and paediatric intensive care unit stay days (p < 0.01) but associated with no mortality. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrate low incidence of colonisation and infections with MDRO, which were associated with high morbidity but no mortality in paediatric LTR. There was significant reduction in MRSA, VRE, and CRE during AMS period compared to pre-AMS era. Some risk factors are unavoidable but antibiotic overuse, early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy and effective infection prevention strategies can be monitored with multifaceted approach of AMS and screening of MDRO. With limited therapeutic options for MDRO and efficacy data of newer antibiotics in paediatric LTR, robust infection control practices are of paramount importance.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0444/8944546/813a67fe886d/antibiotics-11-00387-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0444/8944546/813a67fe886d/antibiotics-11-00387-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0444/8944546/813a67fe886d/antibiotics-11-00387-g001.jpg

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[1]
Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Outcome Due to Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Paediatric Liver Transplant Patients in the Era of Antimicrobial Stewardship and Screening.

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Primary antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary atresia did not demonstrate decreased infection rate: Multi-centre retrospective study.

Acta Paediatr. 2025-3

[2]
The Microbiome and Pediatric Transplantation.

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024-2-28

[3]
Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Selection Criteria and Post-transplant Medical Management.

Indian J Pediatr. 2024-4

[4]
Epidemic, risk factors of carbapenem-resistant infection and its effect on the early prognosis of liver transplantation.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022

本文引用的文献

[1]
Colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms is associated with in increased mortality in liver transplant candidates.

PLoS One. 2021

[2]
High prevalence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection following pediatric liver transplantation.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2020-11-6

[3]
Infection risk after paediatric liver transplantation.

Turk J Pediatr. 2020

[4]
Early Bacterial Infections After Pediatric Liver Transplantation in the Era of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria: Nine-year Single-center Retrospective Experience.

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020-8

[5]
Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review.

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020

[6]
Bacterial infections in children after liver transplantation: A single-center surveillance study of 345 consecutive transplantations.

Transpl Infect Dis. 2020-2

[7]
Carbapenemase-Producing Bacterial Infections in Patients With Liver Transplant.

Transplant Proc. 2019-9

[8]
Antimicrobial stewardship in transplant patients.

Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2019-8

[9]
Severe Sepsis in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: The Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms.

Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019-7

[10]
Bacterial infections in pediatric patients during early post liver transplant period: A prospective study in Iran.

Transpl Infect Dis. 2019-2

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