Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland.
Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 14;19(6):3432. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063432.
The main objective of the study was to assess the pacing strategy of running 400 m hurdles of the world-level female athletes over the past 40 years based on the functional asymmetry -temporal and spatial characteristics. The data were collected from 1983 to 2019 using the review of scientific literature. Over the 35 years of the study, 37 top-level competitions with 283 finalists-competitors were included. The analysis of the 400 m hurdle covered mainly spatial and temporal factors of the run, related to those technical skills, the level of motor skills, and somatic structure. In addition to the basic statistics, the ANOVA analysis of variance, regression analysis, Pearson correlation, the principal component analysis (PCA), and Kaiser's criterion was used for the multivariate analysis. The final result in the 400 mH run is determined not by the simple sum of the individual temporal and/or spatial characteristics of the run (the number of steps, the type of attacking leg, but their interaction in the area of functional asymmetry. The decisive factor in the 400 mH run strategy is the second curve, where the emphasis is on the optimal setting of the stride pattern in the context of minimizing the loss of running speed. Additionally, the application of multidimensional statistical methods is a valuable tool that allows to significantly deepen the interpretation of the obtained results, and thus optimize a strategy for a 400 mH run.
本研究的主要目的是基于功能不对称性-时空特征评估过去 40 年来世界级女性 400 米跨栏运动员的跑步节奏策略。该数据通过对科学文献的回顾从 1983 年至 2019 年收集。在 35 年的研究中，包括了 37 项高级别比赛和 283 名决赛选手。400 米跨栏的分析主要涉及与技术技能、运动技能水平和身体结构相关的运行时空因素。除了基本统计数据外，还使用方差分析、回归分析、皮尔逊相关分析、主成分分析（PCA）和 Kaiser 准则进行了多元分析。400 米栏的最终结果不是由运行的单个时间和/或空间特征（步幅数、攻腿类型）的简单总和决定的，而是由功能不对称区域中它们的相互作用决定的。400 米栏策略的决定性因素是第二曲线，重点是在最小化跑步速度损失的情况下优化步幅模式的设置。此外，多维统计方法的应用是一个有价值的工具，可以显著深化对获得的结果的解释，从而优化 400 米栏的策略。
