Engineering Research Center for Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation of Ministry of Education of China, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 17;19(6):3571. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063571.
Heavy metals pollution in groundwater and the resulting health risks have always been an environmental research hotspot. However, the available information regarding this topic and associated methods is still limited. This study collected 98 groundwater samples from a typical agricultural area of Songnen Plain in different seasons. The pollution status and sources of ten heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr (VI), Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were then analyzed and compared. In addition, the human health risks assessment (HHRA) model was used to calculate human health risks caused by heavy metals in groundwater. The results revealed that heavy metals were mainly distributed in the northwest of the study area and along the upper reaches of the Lalin river and that the concentrations of heavy metals were higher during the wet season than the dry season. Industrial and agricultural activities and natural leaching are the main sources, and each kind of heavy metal may have different sources. Fe and Mn are the primary pollutants, mainly caused by the native environment and agricultural activities. The exceeding standard rates are 71.74% and 61.54%, respectively based on the Class III of Quality Standard for Groundwater of China (GB/T 14848-2017). The maximum exceeding multiple are 91.45 and 32.05, respectively. The health risks of heavy metals borne by different groups of people were as follows: child > elder > young > adult. Carcinogenic heavy metals contribute to the main risks, and the largest risks sources are Cr and As. Therefore, the government should appropriately restrict the use of pesticides and fertilizers, strictly manage the discharge of enterprises, and control man-made heavy metals from the source. In addition, centralized water supply and treatment facilities shall be established to prevent the harm of native heavy metals.
地下水重金属污染及其带来的健康风险一直是环境研究的热点。然而，关于这个主题的可用信息和相关方法仍然有限。本研究在不同季节从松嫩平原典型农业区采集了 98 个地下水样本，分析并比较了十种重金属（砷、钡、镉、钴、六价铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅和锌）的污染状况和来源。此外，还使用人类健康风险评估（HHRA）模型计算了地下水重金属对人体健康的风险。结果表明，重金属主要分布在研究区西北部和拉林河上游，雨季重金属浓度高于旱季。工业和农业活动以及自然淋滤是主要来源，每种重金属可能有不同的来源。铁和锰是主要污染物，主要由原生环境和农业活动引起。超标率分别为 71.74%和 61.54%，依据中国地下水质量标准（GB/T 14848-2017）中的三类标准。最大超标倍数分别为 91.45 和 32.05。不同人群接触重金属的健康风险为：儿童>老人>青年>成人。致癌重金属是主要风险源，最大的风险源是铬和砷。因此，政府应适当限制农药和化肥的使用，严格管理企业排放，从源头控制人为重金属的排放。此外，应建立集中供水和处理设施，防止原生重金属的危害。
