Hakro Muhammad Rehan, Kumar Aneel, Almani Zaheer, Ali Mujahid, Fediuk Roman, Klyuev Sergey, Klyuev Alexander, Sabitov Linar, Fathi Dina
Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750, Perak, Malaysia.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Mar 14;15(6):2138. doi: 10.3390/ma15062138.
Waste is available in an abundant form and goes to landfill without any use, creating threats to the environment. Recent and past studies have used different types of waste to stabilize soil and reduce environmental impacts. However, there is a lack of studies on the combined use of marble dust, rice-husk ash, and saw dust in expansive shale soil. The current study tries to overcome such a gap in the literature, studying the effect of marble dust, rice-husk ash, and saw dust on expansive shale's compaction characteristics and permeability properties. According to unified soil classification and the AAHTO classification system, the geotechnical properties of natural soil are classified as clay of high plasticity (CH) and A-7-5. Several tests are performed in the laboratory to investigate the compaction characteristics and permeability properties of expansive shale. Moreover, permeability apparatus is used to investigate the permeability properties of soil. In addition, due to the accuracy of the apparatus, the conventional apparatus has been partly modified. The experimental results show that the addition of waste to the soil has significantly improved soil stabilization, increasing permeability and decreasing plasticity indexes. In addition, there is a gradual decrease in the dry density of soil and an increase in the permeability of stabilized soil. Based on the outcomes of the current study, it claims and concludes that these waste materials can be used as soil stabilizers or modifiers, instead of being dumped in landfill, which will provide a green, friendly, and sustainable environment. The current study recommends that future researchers use various wastes in the concrete and soil to improve their compaction and mechanical properties.
废弃物以丰富的形式存在，未经任何利用就被填埋，对环境造成威胁。近期和过去的研究使用了不同类型的废弃物来稳定土壤并减少环境影响。然而，关于在膨胀页岩土中联合使用大理石粉、稻壳灰和锯末的研究却很缺乏。当前的研究试图填补文献中的这一空白，研究大理石粉、稻壳灰和锯末对膨胀页岩压实特性和渗透特性的影响。根据统一土壤分类和美国各州公路和运输工作者协会（AAHTO）分类系统，天然土壤的岩土工程性质被归类为高塑性粘土（CH）和A-7-5。在实验室进行了多项试验，以研究膨胀页岩的压实特性和渗透特性。此外，使用渗透仪来研究土壤的渗透特性。另外，由于仪器的精度问题，对传统仪器进行了部分改进。实验结果表明，向土壤中添加废弃物显著改善了土壤稳定性，增加了渗透性并降低了塑性指数。此外，土壤的干密度逐渐降低，稳定土的渗透性增加。基于当前研究的结果，研究宣称并得出结论，这些废弃物可以用作土壤稳定剂或改良剂，而不是被倾倒在垃圾填埋场，这将提供一个绿色、友好和可持续的环境。当前研究建议未来的研究人员在混凝土和土壤中使用各种废弃物，以改善它们的压实和力学性能。
