Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Mar 24;194(4):294. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09974-x.
In this study, the occurrence of illicit drugs and their metabolites in the sewerage systems and in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey, was presented. The drug removal efficiencies of the central WWTP were investigated. Potential ecotoxicological risks for algae, fish, and Daphnia magna in the receiving environments were also evaluated. The highest estimated mean illicit drug use was obtained for cannabis (marijuana) at 280 ± 12 mg/day/1000 inhabitants and 430 ± 20 g/day/1000 inhabitants (15-64 years). Amphetamine was found to be the second most consumed drug of abuse. While cannabis and ecstasy consumption values were higher during the weekend, cocaine use dominated on weekdays. The removal efficiencies for THC-COOH and THC-OH were 100% in the WWTP. The average removal of cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, and methadone varied between 46 ± 7 and 87 ± 3%. The maximum concentration level of MDMA found can pose some low risk for Daphnia magna. The rest of the compounds detected in effluents did not show any toxic effects on fish, Daphnia magna, or algae. However, when the cumulative estimated risk quotient values were evaluated, there might be a low risk for Daphnia magna and algae in the receiving environment.
本研究介绍了土耳其科尼亚市污水系统以及污水处理厂（WWTP）进水和出水处非法药物及其代谢物的存在情况。研究了中央 WWTP 的药物去除效率，并评估了受纳环境中藻类、鱼类和大型溞的潜在生态毒理学风险。大麻（ marijuana）的估计平均非法药物使用率最高，为 280±12mg/人·天/1000 人和 430±20g/人·天/1000 人（15-64 岁）。安非他命被认为是第二大滥用药物。大麻和摇头丸的消费值在周末较高，而可卡因则在工作日占主导地位。THC-COOH 和 THC-OH 在 WWTP 中的去除效率为 100%。可卡因、安非他命、甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、MDA 和美沙酮的平均去除率在 46±7%至 87±3%之间。在废水中发现的最高 MDMA 浓度可能会对大型溞造成一些低风险。在废水处理厂出水处检测到的其余化合物对鱼类、大型溞或藻类没有显示出任何毒性作用。然而，当评估累积估计风险商数值时，受纳环境中的大型溞和藻类可能存在低风险。
