Yang Bo, Cui Zhenzhen, Ning Meihong, Chen Yu, Wu Zhengjun, Huang Huayuan
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guilin China.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal University Guilin China.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 18;12(3):e8712. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8712. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Intestinal microbiota play an important role in the life of amphibians and its composition may vary by developmental stage. In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to profile the intestinal microbiota of , which exclusively inhabit the Maoer Mountain swamp at an altitude of approximately 2,000 m. We characterized the bacterial composition, structure, and function of the microbiota of . at different developmental stages. The alpha diversity was not markedly different for the Simpson, Shannon, Ace, and Sobs indices of microbes. The beta diversity revealed that there were age-related differences in the structure of the intestinal microbes of . , specifically, at the phylum level. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria present in the adult stage, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher compared with that of tadpoles. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum during the tadpole stage and their relative abundance was significantly higher compared with the adult period. Functional analysis revealed that the pathways associated with organismal systems and metabolism were significantly enriched in the adults, whereas human diseases, genetic information processing, and cellular processes were more enriched in the hindlimb bud stage. Human diseases and environmental information processing were more enriched in the forelimb bud stage at KEGG pathway level 1. Possibilities for the observed discrepancies include the adaptation to eating habits and the remodeling of the intestines during development. We speculated that . adults may be more suitable to a high-fiber diet, whereas the tadpoles are associated with a carnivorous diet. Our study provides evidence of variations in the intestinal microbiota during development in amphibians, highlighting the influence of historical developments on the intestinal microbiota and an increased understanding of the importance of physiological characteristics in shaping the intestinal microbiota of amphibians. These data will help us formulate more effective protection measures for . .
肠道微生物群在两栖动物的生命活动中发挥着重要作用，其组成可能因发育阶段而异。在本研究中，采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对仅栖息于海拔约2000米的猫儿山沼泽地的[具体物种未给出]的肠道微生物群进行分析。我们对[具体物种未给出]不同发育阶段微生物群的细菌组成、结构和功能进行了表征。微生物的辛普森指数、香农指数、Ace指数和Sobs指数的α多样性没有显著差异。β多样性表明，[具体物种未给出]肠道微生物的结构存在与年龄相关的差异，特别是在门水平上。拟杆菌门和变形菌门是成年阶段的主要细菌，与蝌蚪相比，拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著更高。厚壁菌门和变形菌门是蝌蚪阶段的主要门类，其相对丰度与成年期相比显著更高。功能分析表明，与机体系统和代谢相关的通路在成年个体中显著富集，而人类疾病、遗传信息处理和细胞过程在后肢芽阶段更为富集。在KEGG通路一级水平上，人类疾病和环境信息处理在前肢芽阶段更为富集。观察到差异的可能原因包括对饮食习惯的适应以及发育过程中肠道的重塑。我们推测，[具体物种未给出]成年个体可能更适合高纤维饮食，而蝌蚪则与肉食性饮食有关。我们的研究提供了两栖动物发育过程中肠道微生物群变化的证据，突出了历史发育对肠道微生物群的影响，并加深了对生理特征在塑造两栖动物肠道微生物群中的重要性的理解。这些数据将有助于我们为[具体物种未给出]制定更有效的保护措施。
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