Effects of toxic on the expression of Hox genes in .

Lake eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms have become worldwide environmental issues. Under cyanobacterial blooms (especially ), spp. can transfer beneficial information to their offspring in order to improve adaptability. are important regulatory factors of transcription in metazoans, and are involved in the growth and development of organisms. However, the mechanisms of on the expression of in are unclear. In this study, the effects of on expression in the mothers and offspring (F1) of two clones were investigated using a mixed diet of . and . Compared with the 100%S food treatment, the survival rates at the end of the experiment of clone 1-F1 in the food treatments containing . were significantly lower, but it was significantly higher for clone 2-F1 in the 20%M + 80%S food treatment. Moreover, the survival rates at the end of the experiment of clone 1-F1 in the food treatments containing . were significantly higher than those of their mother. Based on previous transcriptome data, 14 of . were identified, including -, -, , -, -, , , , -, , , , , and . The expressions of -, -, , , and of clone 2-mothers in the 40%M + 60%S food treatment were 2.9-22.5 times as high as in the 100%S food treatment, whereas the expressions of -, -, , and of clone 1-mothers were 4.8-13.1 times at same food level. The expression of , , , and of clone 1-F1 in the 40%M + 60%S food treatment was 8.2-21.1 times as high as in the 100%S food treatment. However, compared with the 100%S food treatment, the expressions of - in the mothers and F1 of clone 2 and in the mothers of clone 1 in the food treatments containing . were significantly lower (< .05). Our results suggest that the offspring (F1) produced by . mother pre-exposed to toxic . had stronger adaptability to . than their mothers. Moreover, expressions of . had obvious differences between clones under stress of toxic . .