Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea -
Department of Human Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Apr;62(4):575-584. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.11796-7.
School physical education plays an important role in improving the cognitive competencies of students. The theoretical background related to how school physical education positively influences students' cognitive domains has been consistently structured; however, there are few previous studies that have systematically analyzed how physical education interventions produce positive outcomes related to learners' cognitive competencies. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of physical education interventions on students' cognitive competencies.
The study involved searching for related quantitative research studies through electronic research databases including SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE Patent Applications and conducting a screening process considering the purpose of the meta-analysis. The present study assessed for a risk of bias, extracted data, and conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of physical education interventions.
According to the results of the meta-analysis, school physical education has a significant impact on students' cognitive competencies such as intelligence and academic achievement. In terms of the characteristics of the interventions, the effectiveness of aerobic exercise rooted in physical education was more significant than that of model-based physical education or traditional physical education.
Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the present study concluded that school physical education has a statistically significant impact on changing students' cognitive conditions; however, there is need for a follow-up study on how the contents of school physical education and the methods of teaching have distinct effects on students' cognitive competencies.
学校体育在提高学生认知能力方面发挥着重要作用。与学校体育如何积极影响学生认知领域相关的理论基础一直是有结构的；然而，以前很少有研究系统地分析体育教育干预如何产生与学习者认知能力相关的积极成果。本研究旨在分析体育教育干预对学生认知能力的有效性。
该研究通过电子研究数据库（包括 SPORTDiscus、ScienceDirect 和 MEDLINE 专利申请）搜索相关的定量研究，并考虑元分析的目的进行筛选过程。本研究评估了偏倚风险、提取数据，并进行了荟萃分析，以确定体育教育干预的有效性。
根据荟萃分析的结果，学校体育对学生的认知能力（如智力和学业成绩）有显著影响。就干预的特点而言，基于体育教育的有氧运动比基于模型的体育教育或传统体育教育更有效。
根据荟萃分析的结果，本研究得出结论，学校体育对改变学生的认知状况具有统计学意义的影响；然而，需要进一步研究学校体育的内容和教学方法如何对学生的认知能力产生不同的影响。
