Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2022 Apr;31(2):127-141. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2021.12.001. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
The preoperative assessment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) requires a multimodal approach, including endoscopic evaluation and clinical, radiographic, and biochemical assessment. In addition to providing a diagnosis, histologic review of biopsy specimens imparts valuable information about tumor grade and other important prognostic features that can help determine treatment. A thorough history and physical examination rounds out the initial evaluation and provides the surgeon and other treating physicians with vital additional information for detailed operative planning. Colon and rectal cancer, although closely related histologically, are considered, and often treated, very differently, depending on stage, based solely on location.
结直肠癌（CRC）患者的术前评估需要采用多模式方法，包括内镜评估以及临床、影像学和生化评估。活检标本的组织学检查除了提供诊断外，还提供了有关肿瘤分级和其他重要预后特征的宝贵信息，这些信息有助于确定治疗方案。全面的病史和体格检查完善了初始评估，并为外科医生和其他治疗医生提供了详细手术计划所需的重要补充信息。虽然结直肠癌和直肠癌在组织学上密切相关，但仅基于位置，根据分期，它们被认为而且通常也被非常不同地治疗。
