掩蔽和延迟听觉反馈对声门颤音基频调制的影响。
The Effects of Masked and Delayed Auditory Feedback on Fundamental Frequency Modulation in Vocal Vibrato.
机构信息
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
出版信息
J Voice. 2024 Sep;38(5):1137-1148. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.01.029. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
PURPOSE
Although relatively precise control over the extent and rate of fundamental frequency (f) modulation may be needed for optimal production of vibrato, the role of auditory feedback in controlling vibrato is not well understood. Previous studies altered the gain and timing of auditory feedback in singers producing vibrato and showed inconsistent effects on the extent and rate of f modulation, which may have been related to small sample sizes or limited analyses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further investigate whether the gain or timing of auditory feedback impacts control of vibrato in a larger sample of speakers and with advanced statistical analyses.
METHOD
Ten classically-trained singers produced sustained vowels with vibrato while their auditory feedback was masked with pink noise or multi-talker babble to reduce the gain of their auditory feedback and while their auditory feedback was delayed by about 200 or 300 milliseconds to alter the timing of their auditory feedback. Acoustical analyses measured changes in the extent and rate of f modulation in the masked and delayed trials relative to control trials. Bayesian modeling was used to analyze the effects of noise-masked, babble-masked, and delayed auditory feedback on the extent and rate of f modulation.
RESULTS
There was compelling evidence that noise masking increased the extent of f modulation, and babble masking increased the variability in the rate of f modulation (ie, jitter of f modulation). Masked auditory feedback did not affect the average rate of f modulation. Delayed auditory feedback did not affect the extent, rate, or jitter of f modulation.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study demonstrated that reducing the gain of the auditory feedback with noise masking increased the extent of f modulation but did not affect the average rate of f modulation in classically-trained singers producing vibrato. Reducing the gain of the auditory feedback with babble masking and altering the timing of auditory feedback with imposed delays did not affect the average extent or rate of f modulation. However, babble masking increased the jitter of f modulation rate, which suggests that modulated auditory feedback may affect the periodicity of f modulation from one modulation cycle to the next. These findings clarify the role of auditory feedback in controlling vibrato and may inform the current reflex-resonance models of vibrato.
目的
尽管可能需要对基频（f）调制的幅度和速率进行相对精确的控制，以实现最佳的振音效果，但听觉反馈在控制振音方面的作用尚不清楚。先前的研究改变了产生振音的歌手的听觉反馈增益和时间，并对 f 调制的幅度和速率产生了不一致的影响，这可能与样本量较小或分析有限有关。因此，本研究的目的是进一步研究在更大的扬声器样本中，听觉反馈的增益或时间是否会影响振音的控制，并进行更先进的统计分析。
方法
10 名受过古典训练的歌手在产生振音的同时发出持续元音，同时用粉红噪声或多说话者背景噪声掩蔽他们的听觉反馈，以降低听觉反馈的增益，并将听觉反馈延迟约 200 或 300 毫秒，以改变听觉反馈的时间。声学分析测量了在掩蔽和延迟试验中 f 调制幅度和速率相对于对照试验的变化。贝叶斯模型用于分析噪声掩蔽、噪声掩蔽和延迟听觉反馈对 f 调制幅度和速率的影响。
结果
有强有力的证据表明，噪声掩蔽增加了 f 调制的幅度，而噪声掩蔽增加了 f 调制速率的可变性（即 f 调制的抖动）。掩蔽听觉反馈不会影响 f 调制的平均速率。延迟听觉反馈不会影响 f 调制的幅度、速率或抖动。
结论
本研究表明，用噪声掩蔽降低听觉反馈的增益会增加 f 调制的幅度，但不会影响产生振音的古典训练歌手的 f 调制平均速率。用 babble 掩蔽降低听觉反馈的增益和用强制延迟改变听觉反馈的时间都不会影响 f 调制的平均幅度或速率。然而，babble 掩蔽增加了 f 调制速率的抖动，这表明调制的听觉反馈可能会影响从一个调制周期到下一个调制周期的 f 调制的周期性。这些发现澄清了听觉反馈在控制振音中的作用，并可能为当前的振音反射-共振模型提供信息。
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