Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(38):57603-57617. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19769-9. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
To provide the progressive global demand for energy, the use of renewable energies is being rapidly developed. Since solar radiation is available in most parts of the earth, the photovoltaic (PV) power plant is one of the worthwhile solutions. As a deficiency, temperature rise in photovoltaic cells leads to a drop in their electrical output power. In this experimental study, the circulation of carbon black nanofluid was investigated as a coolant of PV modules. Both water and ethylene glycol (EG) were used as the base fluids. It is found that all modified cases generate more output power than the conventional one. For instance, water + carbon nanofluid yields 54% more output power compared with the conventional one. To make a real assessment of using nanofluid as a coolant, the electrical consumption by pump and fan must be counted. Therefore, in this study, the net output power is calculated. In the cases of EG and EG + carbon, the net output powers get lower than the conventional module. So, they are not justifiable. In this paper, a modified formula is proposed to calculate the exergy efficiency, in order to achieve more accurate results. Accordingly, from an exergy viewpoint, 16.3% and 4.5% in electrical and thermal exergy efficiencies are achieved, when water + carbon nanofluid was used. Moreover, the values of entropy generation and lost exergy were reported for all considered cases.
为了满足全球对能源不断增长的需求，可再生能源的利用正在迅速发展。由于太阳能辐射在地球的大部分地区都存在，因此光伏（PV）发电厂是一种有价值的解决方案。然而，光伏电池的温度升高会导致其发电功率下降，这是一个不足之处。在这项实验研究中，研究了将碳纳米流体循环作为光伏组件的冷却剂。水和乙二醇（EG）都被用作基液。结果发现，所有改性案例都比传统案例产生更多的输出功率。例如，水+碳纳米流体比传统案例产生的输出功率高 54%。为了对使用纳米流体作为冷却剂进行真实评估，必须计算泵和风扇的电力消耗。因此，在本研究中，计算了净输出功率。在 EG 和 EG+碳的情况下，净输出功率低于传统模块，因此不可行。因此，在本文中，提出了一种修正公式来计算火用效率，以获得更准确的结果。相应地，从火用的角度来看，当使用水+碳纳米流体时，电火用效率和热火用效率分别达到了 16.3%和 4.5%。此外，还报告了所有考虑案例的熵产生和损失火用的值。
