Scheiner Samuel M, Barfield Michael, Holt Robert D
Division of Environmental Biology National Science Foundation Alexandria Virginia USA.
Department of Biology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 24;12(3):e8763. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8763. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Adaptive habitat construction is a process by which individuals alter their environment so as to increase their (inclusive) fitness. Such alterations are a subset of the myriad ways that individuals condition their environment. We present an individual-based model of habitat construction to explore what factors might favor selection when the benefits of environmental alterations are shared by individuals of the same species. Our results confirm the predictions of inclusive fitness and group selection theory and expectations based on previous models that construction will be more favored when its benefits are more likely to be directed to self or near kin. We found that temporal variation had no effect on the evolution of construction. For spatial heterogeneity, construction was disfavored when the spatial pattern of movement did not match the spatial pattern of environmental heterogeneity, especially when there was spatial heterogeneity in the optimal amount of construction. Under those conditions, very strong selection was necessary to favor genetic differentiation of construction propensity among demes. We put forth a constitutive theory for the evolution of adaptive habitat construction that unifies our model with previous verbal and quantitative models into a formal conceptual framework.
适应性栖息地构建是一个个体改变其环境以提高自身（广义）适合度的过程。此类改变是个体影响其环境的众多方式中的一部分。我们提出了一个基于个体的栖息地构建模型，以探究当环境改变的益处由同一物种的个体共享时，哪些因素可能有利于选择。我们的结果证实了广义适合度和群体选择理论的预测，以及基于先前模型的预期，即当构建的益处更有可能指向自身或近亲时，构建将更受青睐。我们发现时间变化对构建的进化没有影响。对于空间异质性，当移动的空间模式与环境异质性的空间模式不匹配时，构建不受青睐，尤其是在最佳构建量存在空间异质性的情况下。在这些条件下，需要非常强烈的选择才能有利于不同种群间构建倾向的遗传分化。我们提出了一个适应性栖息地构建进化的构成性理论，将我们的模型与先前的文字和定量模型统一到一个正式的概念框架中。
