Garlic peel as promising low-cost support for the cobalt nanocatalyst; synthesis and catalytic studies.

The development of cost-effective and applied catalysts for organic pollutants degradation is the cornerstone for the future valorizations of these hazardous wastes. Garlic peel was employed as solid support for the assembly of cobalt nanoparticles and was further applied for the catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol, bromophenol blue, and a mixture of both. A Cobalt@garlic peel nanocomposite with the morphology of semi-spherical and randomly distributed nanoparticles was prepared without the aid of any hazardous chemicals. The functional groups facilitated the adsorption of cobalt ions onto the surface of garlic peel through van der Waals forces and/or hydrogen bonds. The catalytic experiments were carried out under different operational parameters including pollutant concentration, catalytic dosage, and pH value to identify the optimal conditions for the model solutions. The results showed that the optimal pH for 4-nitrophenol degradation was around 9 and the maximum rate constant 4.56 × 10 sec. The most prominent feature of the proposed catalyst is the easy/efficient recovery and recycling of the nanoparticles from the reacting medium. This work provided a simple method for designing other similar biomass-stabilized nanocatalysts which might sharply reduce the catalytic treatment costs and broaden the scope of applications.