State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 1;832:154928. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154928. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
Aerosol direct effects (ADEs) can modulate shortwave radiation as well as atmospheric dynamics and air quality. As the key absorbing component of aerosol, the black carbon (BC) largely determines the aerosol optical properties. Therefore, it is expected that BC emission controls might gain co-benefits from the simultaneous reduction of ADEs. To demonstrate such synergy, here we quantified the ADEs changes and the role of BC controls in China during 2013-2017 using a regional two-way coupled meteorology chemistry transport model. Simulated results suggest that the control action effectively reduced the wintertime PM concentration (-26.0 μg m) and associated ADEs. In January, the influence of ADEs on surface shortwave radiation, 2-meter temperature, and planetary boundary layer height was weakened from -16.7 W m, -0.20 °C, and -15.4 m in 2013 to -11.3 W m, -0.06 °C, and -10.7 m in 2017, respectively. The enhancement of SO, NO, and PM concentrations due to ADEs was reduced from +3.1%, +5.2%, and +5.4% in 2013 to +2.6%, +4.5%, and +3.3% in 2017, respectively, demonstrating the extra benefit of air pollution controls for improving air quality by reducing ADEs. Meanwhile, the BC emission reduced by 12.5% simultaneously along with the effective controls on SO and NO emissions during 2013-2017, mainly from domestic combustion (-11.7%), resulting in 30.3% (-0.9 μg m) reduction of BC concentration. Such BC controls contributed 15.6-60.2% of such changes in the ADEs influence on meteorological variables, and 32.6-41.1% on air pollutants. More specially, the effectiveness of collaborative reduction of BC further reduced surface shortwave radiation in China by 3.6 W m in January and 1.0 W m in July, leading to a more weakened ADEs that bring extra benefits in reducing PM concentrations by 1.8 μg m in January and 0.3 μg m in July. Apparently, BC played an important role in modulating the ADEs and associated influences on meteorology and air quality, suggesting a wise control strategy by targeting absorbing component of PM reduction to address both air pollution and climate change in the future.
气溶胶直接效应（ADEs）可以调节短波辐射以及大气动力学和空气质量。作为气溶胶的关键吸收成分，黑碳（BC）在很大程度上决定了气溶胶的光学性质。因此，预计 BC 排放控制可能会从同时减少 ADEs 中获得共同效益。为了证明这种协同作用，我们使用区域双向耦合气象化学传输模型，在 2013-2017 年期间量化了中国的 ADEs 变化以及 BC 控制的作用。模拟结果表明，控制行动有效地降低了冬季 PM 浓度（-26.0μg/m）和相关的 ADEs。在 1 月份，ADEs 对地表短波辐射、2 米温度和行星边界层高度的影响从 2013 年的-16.7W/m、-0.20°C 和-15.4m 减弱到 2017 年的-11.3W/m、-0.06°C 和-10.7m。由于 ADEs，SO、NO 和 PM 浓度的增强从 2013 年的+3.1%、+5.2%和+5.4%分别减少到 2017 年的+2.6%、+4.5%和+3.3%，这表明空气污染控制通过减少 ADEs 来改善空气质量的额外好处。同时，2013-2017 年期间，随着 SO 和 NO 排放的有效控制，BC 排放量同时减少了 12.5%，主要来自国内燃烧（-11.7%），导致 BC 浓度减少了 30.3%（-0.9μg/m）。这种 BC 控制对气象变量 ADEs 影响变化的贡献为 15.6-60.2%，对空气污染物的贡献为 32.6-41.1%。更特别的是，BC 的协同减排效果进一步使中国 1 月份地表短波辐射减少了 3.6W/m，7 月份减少了 1.0W/m，导致 ADEs 进一步减弱，在 1 月份使 PM 浓度减少了 1.8μg/m，在 7 月份减少了 0.3μg/m。显然，BC 在调节 ADEs 及其对气象和空气质量的相关影响方面发挥了重要作用，这表明未来通过针对 PM 减排的吸收成分制定明智的控制策略，可以同时解决空气污染和气候变化问题。
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