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基于希尔伯特-黄变换的瞳孔大小对全亮度、觉醒和扫视准备信号调制的时频分析。

Time-frequency analysis of pupil size modulated by global luminance, arousal, and saccade preparation signals using Hilbert-Huang transform.

机构信息

Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.

Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

出版信息

Int J Psychophysiol. 2022 Jun;176:89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.011. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Abstract

Pupil size changes constantly and is mainly determined by global luminance signals. In addition, the pupil responds to various cognitive and arousal processes, with larger pupil dilation observed in higher levels of cognitive or arousal processing. Although these task-evoked pupillary responses are extensively used in the pupil research, pupil analysis focusing on the frequency domain, particularly in the context of arousal and cognitive modulations, is less established. Fourier Transform method (FFT) has been used to understand the modulation of task difficulty on pupil oscillations. However, physiological signals are often characterized as non-linear and non-stationary waves, and the conventional spectral analytical method with linearity presumption is less appropriate to reveal modulation dynamics between time and frequency. Here, we used Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) to examine the time-frequency modulations on pupil size regulated by arousal, cognitive, and global luminance signals. Consistent with previous research, using FFT, higher spectral densities were obtained with lower luminance background. Moreover, higher spectral densities were found in the high emotional arousal condition. With HHT, we further demonstrated temporal changes on amplitude spectrum and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) in each intrinsic mode function (IMF), with stronger amplitudes in higher IMFs (i.e., low frequencies). Moreover, although global luminance, arousal and saccade preparation modulated pupil oscillatory responses, the modulation pattern in different IMFs was different. Together, our results demonstrated dynamics between the time and frequency domain on pupil oscillatory responses, highlighting the importance of examining the time-frequency interactions in the context of various pupil modulations.

摘要

瞳孔大小不断变化,主要由全局亮度信号决定。此外,瞳孔对各种认知和唤醒过程做出反应,在更高水平的认知或唤醒处理中观察到更大的瞳孔扩张。尽管这些任务诱发的瞳孔反应在瞳孔研究中得到广泛应用,但针对频率域的瞳孔分析,特别是在唤醒和认知调制的背景下,还不太成熟。傅里叶变换方法(FFT)已被用于理解任务难度对瞳孔波动的调制。然而,生理信号通常表现为非线性和非平稳波,传统的具有线性假设的谱分析方法不太适合揭示时间和频率之间的调制动态。在这里,我们使用希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)来检查由唤醒、认知和全局亮度信号调节的瞳孔大小的时频调制。与先前的研究一致,使用 FFT,在较低的亮度背景下获得了更高的谱密度。此外,在高情绪唤醒条件下发现了更高的谱密度。通过 HHT,我们进一步展示了每个固有模态函数(IMF)中振幅谱和试验间相位相干性(ITPC)的时间变化,较高的 IMF 中具有更强的振幅(即较低的频率)。此外,尽管全局亮度、唤醒和扫视准备调节了瞳孔振荡反应,但不同 IMF 中的调制模式不同。总之,我们的结果展示了瞳孔振荡反应在时频域之间的动态,强调了在各种瞳孔调制背景下检查时频相互作用的重要性。

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