Zapotoczky H G
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Oct 10;98(19):663-7.
Anxiety seen as an unadaptive habit frequently results from lacking habituation. Anxiety-responses manifest themselves at three levels: in the cognitive, the motoric and the psychoautonomous. From this point of view it is understandable that the individual readiness to react may influence the various forms of neurotic or psychosomatic disorders. Furthermore, specific factors with respect to developmental or social conditions play some role in pathogenesis and in individual problem solving methods. Therapy, therefore, should include direct and indirect methods of overcoming anxiety: the direct methods include relaxation exercises and/or administration of psychopharmacological drugs such as tranquillizers, neuroleptics and antidepressants which influence the psychoautonomous system (sometimes also in combination); the indirect methods include techniques which aim at changes in cognition and coping-styles.
焦虑被视为一种不适应的习惯，常常源于缺乏适应性。焦虑反应在三个层面表现出来：认知层面、运动层面和心理自主层面。从这个角度来看，个体的反应准备状态可能会影响各种形式的神经症或身心障碍，这是可以理解的。此外，与发育或社会状况相关的特定因素在发病机制和个体问题解决方法中也发挥着一定作用。因此，治疗应包括直接和间接克服焦虑的方法：直接方法包括放松练习和/或使用影响心理自主系统的精神药理学药物，如镇静剂、抗精神病药物和抗抑郁药（有时也联合使用）；间接方法包括旨在改变认知和应对方式的技术。
