男女大学橄榄球运动员头部撞击暴露后的双任务步态表现
Dual-Task Gait Performance Following Head Impact Exposure in Male and Female Collegiate Rugby Players.
作者信息
Kieffer Emily E, Brolinson Per Gunnar, Rowson Steven
机构信息
Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech.
Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Apr 2;17(3):355-365. doi: 10.26603/001c.32591. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Gait impairments have been well-studied in concussed athletes. However, the sex-specific effect of cumulative head impacts on gait is not well understood. When a cognitive task is added to a walking task, dual-task gait assessments can help amplify deficits in gait and are representative of tasks in everyday life. Dual-task cost is the difference in performance from walking (single-task) to walking with a cognitive load (dual-task).
PURPOSE
The objectives of this study were to explore the differences between sexes in 1) dual-task gait metrics, 2) gait metric changes from pre-season to post-concussion and post-season, and 3) the dual-task costs associated with gait metrics.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
METHODS
Over two seasons, 77 female athlete-seasons and 64 male athlete-seasons from collegiate club rugby teams participated in this study. Subjects wore inertial sensors and completed walking trials with and without a cognitive test at pre-season, post-season, and post-concussion (if applicable).
RESULTS
Females athletes showed improvement in cadence (mean = 2.7 step/min increase), double support time (mean = -0.8% gait cycle time decrease), gait speed (mean = 0.1 m/s increase), and stride length (mean = 0.2 m increase) in both task conditions over the course of the season (p < 0.030). Male athletes showed no differences in gait metrics over the course of the season, except for faster gait speeds and longer stride lengths in the dual-task condition (p < 0.034). In all four gait characteristics, at baseline and post-season, females had higher dual-task costs (mean difference = 4.4, p < 0.003) than the males.
CONCLUSIONS
This results of this study showed little evidence suggesting a relationship between repetitive head impact exposure and gait deficits. However, there are sex-specific differences that should be considered during the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 2b.
背景
脑震荡运动员的步态损伤已得到充分研究。然而，累积头部撞击对步态的性别特异性影响尚不清楚。当在步行任务中加入认知任务时，双任务步态评估有助于放大步态缺陷，并且代表日常生活中的任务。双任务成本是指从步行（单任务）到带有认知负荷的步行（双任务）时表现的差异。
目的
本研究的目的是探讨在以下方面的性别差异：1）双任务步态指标；2）从季前到脑震荡后和赛季后的步态指标变化；3）与步态指标相关的双任务成本。
研究设计
横断面研究。
方法
在两个赛季中，来自大学俱乐部橄榄球队的77个女运动员赛季和64个男运动员赛季参与了本研究。受试者佩戴惯性传感器，并在季前、赛季后和脑震荡后（如适用）完成有无认知测试的步行试验。
结果
在整个赛季中，女性运动员在两种任务条件下的步频（平均增加2.7步/分钟）、双支撑时间（平均步态周期时间减少0.8%）、步态速度（平均增加0.1米/秒）和步幅（平均增加0.2米）均有改善（p < 0.030）。男性运动员在整个赛季中步态指标没有差异，除了在双任务条件下步态速度更快和步幅更长（p < 0.034）。在所有四个步态特征方面，在基线和赛季后，女性的双任务成本（平均差异 = 4.4，p < 0.003）高于男性。
结论
本研究结果几乎没有证据表明重复性头部撞击暴露与步态缺陷之间存在关联。然而，在与运动相关的脑震荡的诊断和管理过程中，应考虑性别特异性差异。
证据水平
2b级。
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