Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Department of Public Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 23;19(7):3794. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073794.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure remains a major public health concern in the United States. Homes have become the primary source of SHS exposure, with elevated risks for residents of multiunit housing. Though this differential risk is well-documented, little is known about whether SHS exposure varies by floor height. The aim of this study was to examine whether SHS accumulates in higher floors of multiunit housing. Using validated passive nicotine sampling monitors, we sampled air nicotine concentrations on multiple floors of 21 high-rise (>15 floors) buildings in New York City. Within the buildings, measurements were collected in three locations: non-smoking individual apartments, hallways and stairwells. Measurements were collected in two winter and two summer waves to account for potential seasonality effects. We analyzed the percent of filters with detectable nicotine and quantified nicotine concentration (µg/m3). Higher floor levels were positively associated with both airborne nicotine measures, with some variation by location and season observed. In winter, the trends were statistically significant in apartments (floors ≤7: 0.022 µg/m3; floors 8−14: 0.026 µg/m3; floors ≥15: 0.029 µg/m3; p = 0.011) and stairwells (floors ≤7: 0.18 µg/m3; floors 8−14: 0.19 µg/m3; floors ≥15: 0.59 µg/m3; p = 0.006). These findings can inform interventions to mitigate the SHS exposure of residents in multiunit housing.
美国，二手烟（SHS）暴露仍然是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。家庭已成为 SHS 暴露的主要来源，多单元住房的居民面临更高的风险。尽管这种差异风险已得到充分记录，但对于 SHS 暴露是否因楼层高度而异知之甚少。本研究旨在研究 SHS 是否在多单元住房的较高楼层积聚。我们使用经过验证的被动尼古丁采样监测器，在纽约市的 21 座高层（>15 层）建筑物的多个楼层上采样空气尼古丁浓度。在建筑物内，在三个位置采集测量值：非吸烟个人公寓、走廊和楼梯间。在两个冬季和两个夏季进行了测量，以考虑潜在的季节性影响。我们分析了有可检测尼古丁的过滤器的百分比，并量化了尼古丁浓度（µg/m3）。较高的楼层与两种空气传播尼古丁测量值均呈正相关，同时观察到位置和季节的一些变化。在冬季，公寓（≤7 层：0.022 µg/m3；8-14 层：0.026 µg/m3；≥15 层：0.029 µg/m3；p = 0.011）和楼梯间（≤7 层：0.18 µg/m3；8-14 层：0.19 µg/m3；≥15 层：0.59 µg/m3；p = 0.006）中的趋势具有统计学意义。这些发现可以为减轻多单元住房居民的 SHS 暴露干预措施提供信息。
