Smeha Nicole, Kalkat Ravneet, Sergio Lauren E, Hynes Loriann M
School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 357 Bethune College, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Apr 20;14(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00466-6.
The ability to perform visually-guided motor tasks requires the transformation of visual information into programmed motor outputs. When the guiding visual information does not align spatially with the motor output, the brain processes rules to integrate somatosensory information into an appropriate motor response. Performance on such rule-based, "cognitive-motor integration" tasks is affected in concussion. Here, we investigate the relationship between visuomotor skill performance, concussion history, and sex during the course of a post-concussion management program.
Fifteen acutely concussed working-aged adults, 11 adults with a history of concussion, and 17 healthy controls all completed a recovery program over the course of 4 weeks. Prior to, mid-way, and following the program, all participants were tested on their visuomotor skills.
We observed an overall change in visuomotor behaviour in all groups, as participants completed the tasks faster and more accurately. Specifically, we observed significant visuomotor skill improvement between the first and final sessions in participants with a concussion history compared to no-concussion-history controls. Notably, we observed a stronger recovery of these skills in females.
Our findings indicate that (1) concussion impairs visuomotor skill performance, (2) the performance of complex, rule-based tasks showed improvement over the course of a recovery program, and (3) stronger recovery in females suggests sex-related differences in the brain networks controlling skilled performance, and the effect of injury on these networks.
执行视觉引导的运动任务的能力需要将视觉信息转化为程序化的运动输出。当引导性视觉信息在空间上与运动输出不一致时，大脑会处理规则，将体感信息整合到适当的运动反应中。在脑震荡中，基于此类规则的“认知-运动整合”任务的表现会受到影响。在此，我们研究了脑震荡后管理计划过程中视觉运动技能表现、脑震荡史和性别之间的关系。
15名急性脑震荡的在职成年人、11名有脑震荡史的成年人以及17名健康对照者均在4周的过程中完成了一个康复计划。在该计划之前、进行到一半时以及结束后，所有参与者都接受了视觉运动技能测试。
随着参与者更快、更准确地完成任务，我们观察到所有组的视觉运动行为都有总体变化。具体而言，与无脑震荡史的对照组相比，我们观察到有脑震荡史的参与者在第一次和最后一次测试之间视觉运动技能有显著改善。值得注意的是，我们观察到女性的这些技能恢复得更强。
我们的研究结果表明：（1）脑震荡会损害视觉运动技能表现；（2）在康复计划过程中，复杂的、基于规则的任务表现有所改善；（3）女性更强的恢复表明在控制技能表现的脑网络中存在性别差异，以及损伤对这些网络的影响。
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