Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Superintendency for the Control of Endemic Diseases (SUCEN), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):e2302-e2311. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14571. Epub 2022 May 16.
The Leishmania infantum (synonym, Leishmania chagasi) causes life-threatening infection, namely canine leishmaniosis (CanL), which is a chronic zoonosis prevalent in various countries and spread by the bite of the infected Lutzomyia female sandfly in South America. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a polymer matrix collar containing made up of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin for the prevention of canine leishmaniosis from the hyperendemic region falling under Araçatuba municipality (Brazil). The research included a total of 146 dogs chosen from 75 households. Test were initiated via physical examination; weighing and biological sample collection (blood, popliteal lymph node and conjunctival swab) of these dogs were done in March 2018 (Day 0; GA, control = 69, GB, treated = 77) to initiate laboratory tests. Post-inclusion, the animals were monitored on the 120th, 240th, 360th and 480th days, respectively. The usage of collars continued between 0 and 480 days before being substituted in second (D240) and fourth (D480) follow-up visits. On the whole, 25 dogs in GA (36.2%) and three in GB (3.9%) were found positive for L. infantum infection in a minimum of one diagnostic test used in the research. Therefore, the average collar effectiveness for protection from L. infantum infection was 89.2% (p < .01). In the last follow-up, the average incidence density rate for GA was 30.7%, whereas for GB, it was 2.9%. The imidacloprid/flumethrin collars evaluated in the research were found to be safe and extremely efficient for the prevention of L. infantum infection through Lutzomyia species among the large population of dogs in highly prone endemic regions. This is a dependable and efficient technique aimed at reducing the occurrence and propagation of this illness among the population of canines, which would eventually reduce the human-health-related hazards. In Brazil, Lutzomyia spp. is a leading vector of the infection; thus, the collar can be used to limit infection in dogs and humans.
利什曼原虫（同义词：恰加斯利什曼原虫）可导致危及生命的感染，即犬利什曼病（CanL），这是一种在许多国家流行的慢性人畜共患病，通过感染的拉氏按蚊雌性沙蝇叮咬在南美洲传播。本研究的目的是评估一种含有 10%吡虫啉和 4.5%氟氯氰菊酯的聚合物基质项圈在预防来自 Araçatuba 市（巴西）高度流行地区的犬利什曼病方面的有效性。该研究共纳入了 75 户家庭中选择的 146 只狗。测试通过体检开始；对这些狗进行称重和生物样本采集（血液、腘淋巴结和结膜拭子），于 2018 年 3 月 0 日（GA，对照组=69，GB，治疗组=77）进行实验室检测。纳入后，动物分别在第 120、240、360 和 480 天进行监测。项圈的使用持续到 0 到 480 天，然后在第 240（D240）和第 480（D480）次随访中更换。总的来说，GA 中有 25 只狗（36.2%）和 GB 中有 3 只狗（3.9%）在研究中使用的至少一种诊断检测中被发现利什曼原虫感染呈阳性。因此，平均项圈对预防利什曼原虫感染的有效性为 89.2%（p<.01）。在最后一次随访中，GA 的平均发病率密度为 30.7%，而 GB 为 2.9%。评估的吡虫啉/氟氯氰菊酯项圈被发现对预防高度流行地区大量犬种中的利什曼原虫感染通过拉氏按蚊属是安全且非常有效的。这是一种可靠且有效的技术，旨在减少该疾病在犬科动物中的发生和传播，从而降低与人类健康相关的危害。在巴西，拉氏按蚊属是感染的主要媒介；因此，项圈可用于限制犬和人类的感染。
