Purola Petri K M, Nättinen Janika E, Ojamo Matti U I, Rissanen Harri A, Gissler Mika, Koskinen Seppo V P, Uusitalo Hannu M T
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Finnish Register of Visual Impairment, Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired, Helsinki, Finland.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr 20;16:1183-1195. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S355191. eCollection 2022.
To assess the impact of cataract in ageing population by evaluating the prevalence, incidence, and background factors of cataract and cataract surgery.
Two health examination surveys representing Finnish population in 2000 and 2011 included 7380 and 5930 participants aged 30 years or older with cataract status known. An 11-year follow-up included 4840 persons who participated in both the surveys. The data include information on physician-made diagnoses, socio-demographic factors, and lifestyle factors based on self-reported assessment. Cataract diagnoses and surgeries recorded in the Finnish Care Register for Health Care were linked to the survey data. Cataract patients were compared to those without cataract using logistic regression. Differences in cataract surgery age were evaluated using linear regression. Univariable and multivariable models were included.
During 2000-2011, the prevalence of cataract increased from 8.8% to 13.6% and cataract surgery from 5.7% to 8.9% in a representative sample of the Finnish adult population. Cataract and cataract surgery were associated with age, smoking, and high alcohol consumption. Cataract was also associated with female gender and low income in 2000, but this association declined during the 11 years. Smoking and high alcohol consumption were associated with younger surgery age.
The prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery is increasing with the ageing of the population. The increase in cataract surgery is likely also reflecting the improvements in eye care. The possibility to equally use health-care services throughout a country can reduce the impact of socio-demographic status. Healthy lifestyle delays the development of cataract, whereas smoking and high alcohol consumption are associated with earlier cataract development. Therefore, the availability of cataract services and promotion of healthy lifestyle will be the key to prevent the detrimental effects of cataract on patients and the society in countries where the population is rapidly ageing.
通过评估白内障的患病率、发病率及相关背景因素以及白内障手术情况，来评估白内障对老年人群的影响。
2000年和2011年两项代表芬兰人口的健康检查调查分别纳入了7380名和5930名30岁及以上且已知白内障状况的参与者。11年的随访涉及4840名参与了两项调查的人员。数据包括基于自我报告评估得出的医生诊断信息、社会人口统计学因素及生活方式因素。芬兰医疗保健登记册中记录的白内障诊断和手术信息与调查数据相关联。使用逻辑回归将白内障患者与无白内障患者进行比较。采用线性回归评估白内障手术年龄的差异。纳入了单变量和多变量模型。
在2000 - 2011年期间，芬兰成年人口代表性样本中白内障患病率从8.8%增至13.6%，白内障手术率从5.7%增至8.9%。白内障及白内障手术与年龄、吸烟和高酒精摄入量相关。2000年时白内障还与女性性别及低收入相关，但这种关联在11年期间有所下降。吸烟和高酒精摄入量与较早的手术年龄相关。
随着人口老龄化，白内障患病率及白内障手术率在上升。白内障手术率的增加可能也反映了眼保健的改善。在全国范围内平等使用医疗服务的可能性可减少社会人口统计学状况的影响。健康的生活方式可延缓白内障的发展，而吸烟和高酒精摄入量与白内障的早期发展相关。因此，在人口快速老龄化的国家，提供白内障服务及推广健康的生活方式将是预防白内障对患者和社会产生不利影响的关键。
