Chen Yun-Ling, Kuo Po-Hsiu
Arch Suicide Res. 2023 Apr-Jun;27(2):780-795. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2066590. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Depression and perceived stress are important risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The current study examined the joint effects of parenting styles on suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in early adolescents while considering relevant individual factors, and evaluated whether social support can offset the risk.
The present study was part of a large cohort study aiming at tracing the mental health and risk behaviors in adolescents, and we utilized baseline data collected from 645 4th grade students with complete assessment of suicidal behaviors, social support, parental bonding, depression, and perceived stress. Participants' mean age was 9.97 years (SD = 0.38) with 53.02% boys. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between independent variables and youth suicidal behaviors.
16.28% students reported to have SI and 4.96% had SA. Depression (SI: OR = 3.66-3.89; SA: OR = 3.98-4.50), father's low care and high authoritarian (LCHA) (SI: OR = 3.04; SA: OR = 2.43), and low acceptance and high authoritarian (LAHA) (SI: OR = 3.58; SA: OR = 4.77) parenting styles were strong risk factors, while overall social support (SI: OR = 0.98; SA: OR = 0.97) was a protective factor of SI and SA for early adolescents. Perceived stress (OR = 1.07-1.08) and mother's LCHA parenting style (OR = 2.03) were risk factors of SI. Overall, a family with LCHA parenting (OR = 2.82) or LAHA parenting (OR = 3.35-3.72) regardless parental gender had increased risk for SI and SA.
Family and social factors are important to consider in suicidal prevention and interventions among early adolescents, in addition to assessing individual risk factors. HighlightsSuicidal ideations (16.28%) and attempts (4.96%) were prevalent in early adolescents at elementary schools. Depression status remains a significant risk factor for both SI and SA in early adolescents.Unfavorable parenting styles (LCHA or LAHA) increased the risk of SI and SA, especially received from father.Overall social support had independent protective effect on suicidal behaviors, when taking aforementioned individual and family risk factors into account.
抑郁和感知到的压力是青少年自杀行为的重要风险因素。本研究考察了父母教养方式对青少年早期自杀意念（SI）和自杀未遂（SA）的联合影响，并考虑了相关个体因素，同时评估了社会支持是否可以抵消这种风险。
本研究是一项大型队列研究的一部分，旨在追踪青少年的心理健康和风险行为。我们利用从645名四年级学生收集的基线数据，这些学生对自杀行为、社会支持、父母关系、抑郁和感知到的压力进行了全面评估。参与者的平均年龄为9.97岁（标准差=0.38），其中53.02%为男孩。进行逻辑回归分析以探讨自变量与青少年自杀行为之间的关联。
16.28%的学生报告有自杀意念，4.96%有自杀未遂行为。抑郁（自杀意念：比值比=3.66 - 3.89；自杀未遂：比值比=3.98 - 4.50）、父亲的低关怀高专制（LCHA）教养方式（自杀意念：比值比=3.04；自杀未遂：比值比=2.43）以及低接纳高专制（LAHA）教养方式（自杀意念：比值比=3.58；自杀未遂：比值比=4.77）是强烈的风险因素，而总体社会支持（自杀意念：比值比=0.98；自杀未遂：比值比=0.97）是青少年早期自杀意念和自杀未遂的保护因素。感知到的压力（比值比=1.07 - 1.08）和母亲的LCHA教养方式（比值比=2.03）是自杀意念的风险因素。总体而言，无论父母性别如何，采用LCHA教养方式（比值比=2.82）或LAHA教养方式（比值比=3.35 - 3.72）的家庭，其子女出现自杀意念和自杀未遂的风险增加。
除了评估个体风险因素外，在青少年早期自杀预防和干预中，家庭和社会因素也很重要。要点小学阶段的青少年早期自杀意念（16.28%）和自杀未遂（4.96%）较为普遍。抑郁状态仍然是青少年早期自杀意念和自杀未遂的重要风险因素。不良的教养方式（LCHA或LAHA）增加了自杀意念和自杀未遂的风险，尤其是来自父亲的。在考虑上述个体和家庭风险因素时，总体社会支持对自杀行为具有独立的保护作用。
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