美国学术药学领域性别公平进展更新。
An Update on the Progress Toward Gender Equity in US Academic Pharmacy.
机构信息
The University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
The University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
出版信息
Am J Pharm Educ. 2022 Dec;86(10):ajpe8962. doi: 10.5688/ajpe8962. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
To evaluate the status of gender equity in US pharmacy education since the two previous publications on the topic in 2004 and 2014. Data were gathered from existing national databases, internal American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) databases, AACP meeting minutes, published reports, scholarly articles, pharmacy association websites, individual school websites, and LinkedIn profiles. Differences between men and women were evaluated on degree completion, discipline, rank, tenure status, research, leadership development, leadership positions, salaries, and professional awards. Comparisons were also made to academic medicine and dentistry. Fifty-one percent of full-time faculty members across all academic pharmacy disciplines are women. The percentage of women at the rank of professor was 36.6%, compared to 25% in 2014. Of the 2992 tenured or tenure track pharmacy faculty, 39.2% were women. Out of 388 department chairs, 146 were women. Throughout 2014-2021, there were 121 chief executive officer (CEO) dean permanent appointments, with men holding 91 (75.2%) and women holding 30 (24.8%). Women received 29.7% of the National Institutes of Health grants awarded to pharmacy schools compared to men (70.3%), although women's funding amount was higher. In both the pharmacy practice discipline and all sciences disciplines, the total salary across all ranks and years in rank was significantly higher for men than women, even for department chairs, but there were no differences for CEO deans. To date, women have received 13% of four national pharmacy organizations' top 13 awards. Since 2014, some achievement gaps have narrowed, but areas of concern still exist and need continued attention and resources so inequities can be eliminated. Women in academic pharmacy need mentoring and support to extend throughout the trajectory of their careers in areas such as academic advancement, grant applications, salary negotiation, leadership pursuit, and award applications.
评估自 2004 年和 2014 年发表关于该主题的前两篇文章以来,美国药学教育中的性别公平状况。数据来自现有的国家数据库、美国药学院协会(AACP)内部数据库、AACP 会议记录、已发表的报告、学术文章、药学协会网站、个别学校网站和领英档案。对男性和女性在学位完成情况、学科、职称、任期状况、研究、领导力发展、领导职位、薪酬和专业奖项方面的差异进行了评估。还将其与学术医学和牙科学进行了比较。所有药学学科的全职教师中有 51%是女性。教授职称的女性比例为 36.6%,而 2014 年为 25%。在 2992 名有终身教职或终身教职的药学教师中,39.2%是女性。在 388 名系主任中,有 146 名是女性。在 2014 年至 2021 年期间,有 121 位首席执行官(CEO)院长永久任命,其中男性 91 人(75.2%),女性 30 人(24.8%)。与男性(70.3%)相比,女性获得了药学学校获得的国家卫生研究院拨款的 29.7%,尽管女性的资助金额更高。在药学实践学科和所有科学学科中,男性的薪酬都明显高于女性,甚至在系主任中也是如此,但在首席执行官院长中没有差异。迄今为止,女性已获得四个全国性药学组织的 13 项最高奖项中的 13%。自 2014 年以来,一些差距已经缩小,但仍存在一些令人关注的领域,需要继续关注和资源投入,以消除不平等现象。在学术药学领域,女性需要在学术发展、拨款申请、薪酬谈判、领导追求和奖项申请等领域获得职业发展轨迹的指导和支持。