Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2022 Dec;38(12):1519-1540. doi: 10.1007/s12264-022-00858-1. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
The superior colliculus (SC), one of the most well-characterized midbrain sensorimotor structures where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands, is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution. Moreover, cell-type-specific SC neurons integrate afferent signals within local networks to generate defined output related to innate and cognitive behaviors. This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding of phenotypic diversity amongst SC neurons and their intrinsic circuits and long-projection targets. We further describe relevant neural circuits and specific cell types in relation to behavioral outputs and cognitive functions. The systematic delineation of SC organization, cell types, and neural connections is further put into context across species as these depend upon laminar architecture. Moreover, we focus on SC neural circuitry involving saccadic eye movement, and cognitive and innate behaviors. Overall, the review provides insight into SC functioning and represents a basis for further understanding of the pathology associated with SC dysfunction.
上丘（SC）是中脑最典型的感觉运动结构之一，视觉、听觉和躯体感觉信息在这里整合，以启动运动指令，在脊椎动物进化中高度保守。此外，细胞类型特异性的 SC 神经元在局部网络中整合传入信号，产生与先天和认知行为相关的特定输出。本综述重点介绍了目前对 SC 神经元及其内在回路和长程投射靶点的表型多样性的理解进展。我们进一步描述了与行为输出和认知功能相关的相关神经回路和特定细胞类型。由于这些依赖于层状结构，因此在不同物种中对 SC 组织、细胞类型和神经连接的系统描述也有所不同。此外，我们专注于涉及眼球运动、认知和本能行为的 SC 神经回路。总的来说，该综述提供了对 SC 功能的深入了解，为进一步理解与 SC 功能障碍相关的病理学提供了基础。
