Institute of Foundations and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Department of Social Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2023 Apr-Jun;55(2):141-150. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2053004. Epub 2022 May 4.
The current article presents a mixed qualitative-quantitative observational study of the effect of ayahuasca ritual on subjective experiences and personality traits on participants of a center specialized in the treatment of substance use disorder in Uruguay. When comparing the psychological traits of ayahuasca participants to a control group, quantitative results using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire showed statistically significant higher scores in Impulsive Sensation Seeking, Boredom Susceptibility, and Social Warmth scales. Qualitative analysis of ayahuasca experiences resulted in five main categories: emotional experiences (including social emotions such as love and empathy), corporal experiences, spiritual/transcendental experiences, personal experiences, and visions. Last, qualitative descriptions provide support for the importance of social interactions in the phenomenological manifestations of the psychedelic experience. Both quantitative and qualitative results suggest that the combination of social interactions and the pharmacological action of ayahuasca could facilitate the manifestation of social emotions during the ritual, and may contribute to the long-term increase of empathic and social aspects of personality.
本文采用混合定性-定量观察研究方法,考察了在乌拉圭一家专门治疗物质使用障碍的中心,仪式用圣佩德罗草药对参与者的主观体验和人格特质的影响。在将圣佩德罗草药使用者的心理特征与对照组进行比较时,使用 Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja 人格问卷的定量结果显示,冲动寻求刺激、易厌倦和社交温暖感等方面的得分有统计学意义上的显著提高。对圣佩德罗草药体验的定性分析得出了五个主要类别:情感体验(包括爱和同理心等社会情感)、身体体验、精神/超越体验、个人体验和幻觉。最后,定性描述为社会互动在迷幻体验的现象学表现中的重要性提供了支持。定量和定性结果均表明,社会互动和圣佩德罗草药的药理学作用相结合,可能有助于在仪式中表现出社会情感,并且可能有助于长期提高人格的共情和社交方面。