Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022 Jun 21;66(6):e0022222. doi: 10.1128/aac.00222-22. Epub 2022 May 9.
Genetic variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the emergence and rapid spread of multiple variants throughout the pandemic, of which Omicron is currently the predominant variant circulating worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/variants of interest (VOC/VOI) have evidence of increased viral transmission, disease severity, or decreased effectiveness of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. Remdesivir (RDV [VEKLURY]) is a nucleoside analog prodrug and the first FDA-approved antiviral treatment of COVID-19. Here, we present a comprehensive antiviral activity assessment of RDV and its parent nucleoside, GS-441524, against 10 current and former SARS-CoV-2 VOC/VOI clinical isolates by nucleoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque reduction assay. Delta and Omicron variants remained susceptible to RDV and GS-441524, with 50% effective concentration (EC) values 0.30- to 0.62-fold of those observed against the ancestral WA1 isolate. All other tested variants exhibited EC values ranging from 0.13- to 2.3-fold of the observed EC values against WA1. Analysis of nearly 6 million publicly available variant isolate sequences confirmed that Nsp12, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) target of RDV and GS-441524, is highly conserved across variants, with only 2 prevalent changes (P323L and G671S). Using recombinant viruses, both RDV and GS-441524 retained potency against all viruses containing frequent variant substitutions or their combination. Taken together, these results highlight the conserved nature of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12 and provide evidence of sustained SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity of RDV and GS-441524 across the tested variants. The observed pan-variant activity of RDV supports its continued use for the treatment of COVID-19 regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的遗传变异导致了多种变体在整个大流行期间的出现和快速传播,其中奥密克戎目前是全球流行的主要变体。关注的 SARS-CoV-2 变体/感兴趣的变体 (VOC/VOI) 有证据表明病毒传播增加、疾病严重程度增加或疫苗和中和抗体的有效性降低。瑞德西韦 (RDV [VEKLURY]) 是一种核苷类似物前药,也是 FDA 批准的第一种 COVID-19 抗病毒治疗药物。在这里,我们通过核蛋白酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) 和蚀斑减少试验对 10 种当前和以前的 SARS-CoV-2 VOC/VOI 临床分离株对 RDV 及其母体核苷 GS-441524 的全面抗病毒活性进行了评估。Delta 和 Omicron 变体仍然对 RDV 和 GS-441524 敏感,其 50%有效浓度 (EC) 值分别是对原始 WA1 分离株观察到的 EC 值的 0.30-0.62 倍。所有其他测试的变体的 EC 值范围为观察到的针对 WA1 的 EC 值的 0.13-2.3 倍。对近 600 万个公开的变体分离株序列的分析证实,RDV 和 GS-441524 的 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶 (RdRp) 靶标 Nsp12 在变体中高度保守,只有 2 个常见的变化 (P323L 和 G671S)。使用重组病毒,RDV 和 GS-441524 对所有含有常见变体取代或其组合的病毒都保持了效力。综上所述,这些结果突出了 SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12 的保守性质,并提供了 RDV 和 GS-441524 在测试变体中持续抗 SARS-CoV-2 的证据。RDV 观察到的泛变体活性支持其继续用于治疗 COVID-19,无论 SARS-CoV-2 变体如何。
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