Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina.
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Argentina.
J Food Sci. 2022 Jun;87(6):2775-2788. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.16161. Epub 2022 May 9.
Poultry production is linked to veterinary drug use to treat diseases. Few ectoparasitic compounds are approved for poultry. Fipronil is a pesticide widely used in agriculture. It is also a drug authorized to control ectoparasites in small animals and, in some countries, in cattle. There has been evidence of fipronil extra-label use in laying hens, mainly to control the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Fipronil's popularity is due to its high toxicity to invertebrates. It could be metabolized to more toxic metabolites that potentially damage human health. In the present study, we carry out a quantitative exposure assessment and risk characterization for fipronil residues in laying hen eggs for local consumption in five cities of Buenos Aires province in Argentina, namely, Azul, Balcarce, Juarez, Chaves, and Tandil. Consumption surveys and egg sampling were conducted for three summer periods. Eggs were analyzed by UFLC-MS-MS. Fipronil prevalence, residue concentrations, residue stability to cooking methods, egg consumption, among the most important variables were modeled. The results indicated that 20.7% of samples contained fipronil residues. The highest residue was fipronil sulfone metabolite. Fipronil concentrations quantified ranged between 10 and 2510 ppb (median value = 150 ppb). When eggs were cooked, fipronil residues were stable. The exposure assessment and risk characterization revealed that the highest probability of consuming eggs with fipronil residues above the admissible limits was for young adults (20.8%), followed by babies (16.9%), young children (16.4%), children (13.4%), teenagers (10.3%), older adults (9.41%), and adults (8.65%). These results suggest an unacceptable risk associated with egg consumption with fipronil residues for all age groups. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Fipronil is widely used as an extra-label way on laying hens since its use is prohibited in poultry production both in Argentina and in most countries. This molecule has been classified as Class II, a moderately hazardous pesticide because it could damage various human organs. Fipronil residues in eggs could be one of the exposure pathways for consumers. Monitoring residual levels and carrying out the health risk assessment in eggs are thus in an urge.
家禽生产与兽医药物的使用有关，以治疗疾病。很少有外寄生虫化合物被批准用于家禽。氟虫腈是一种广泛用于农业的杀虫剂。它也是一种被授权用于控制小动物和某些国家的牛的外寄生虫的药物。有证据表明，氟虫腈在蛋鸡中被超范围使用，主要用于控制红螨（Dermanyssus gallinae）。氟虫腈的流行是由于它对无脊椎动物的高毒性。它可能被代谢为更有毒的代谢物，可能会损害人类健康。在本研究中，我们对阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省五个城市（阿苏尔、巴尔卡塞、华雷斯、查韦斯和坦迪尔）当地消费的蛋鸡鸡蛋中的氟虫腈残留进行了定量暴露评估和风险特征描述。进行了消费调查和鸡蛋抽样，在三个夏季进行了调查。鸡蛋采用 UFLC-MS-MS 进行分析。对最重要的变量（包括氟虫腈的流行率、残留浓度、残留稳定性对烹饪方法、鸡蛋消费等）进行了建模。结果表明，20.7%的样本含有氟虫腈残留。最高的残留是氟虫腈砜代谢物。定量的氟虫腈浓度范围在 10 到 2510 ppb 之间（中位数值为 150 ppb）。当鸡蛋被烹饪时，氟虫腈残留稳定。暴露评估和风险特征描述表明，摄入氟虫腈残留超过允许限量的鸡蛋的可能性最高的是年轻人（20.8%），其次是婴儿（16.9%）、幼儿（16.4%）、儿童（13.4%）、青少年（10.3%）、老年人（9.41%）和成年人（8.65%）。这些结果表明，对于所有年龄段的人来说，食用含有氟虫腈残留的鸡蛋存在不可接受的风险。实际应用：氟虫腈作为一种标签外药物广泛用于蛋鸡，因为它在阿根廷和大多数国家的家禽生产中都被禁止使用。该分子被归类为 II 类，即中度危险农药，因为它可能损害人体的各种器官。鸡蛋中的氟虫腈残留可能是消费者的一种暴露途径。因此，监测残留水平并对鸡蛋进行健康风险评估迫在眉睫。
