Barbara H. Hagan School of Nursing, Molloy College, Rockville Centre, New York, USA.
Department of Nursing, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, New York, USA.
Breastfeed Med. 2022 Aug;17(8):660-665. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0326. Epub 2022 May 12.
The second stage of lactation with copious milk production occurs after birth regardless of the infant's survival. Previous research indicates that milk donation following a perinatal loss may help some bereaved mothers come to terms with their loss. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of women choosing to continue to express milk after a perinatal loss specifically for donation to a nonprofit milk bank governed by the Human Milk Banking Association of North America (HMBANA). Participants were recruited through HMBANA's milk bank directors' listserv, their bereavement committee, and through their website. Participants were eligible if they donated to an HMBANA milk bank and specifically continued to pump milk for the purpose of milk donation following a perinatal loss. Qualitative interviews were conducted with each participant using a secured web-based platform. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently using qualitative content analysis until there was acknowledged informational redundancy. Participants' demographic and lactation data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Over 10 months, 21 participants were interviewed. Donating after perinatal loss has been described as a positive, valuable, and nurturing experience. Diminished grieving, enhanced connection to the infant, establishment of legacy, and creation of a positive from a negative are highlighted in several themes that illuminate the phenomena of bereaved donation. The findings of this research are consistent with published literature, but in this study, two subgroups were formed. This enabled the researchers to compare the experience of those with previous breastfeeding experience and those without, which adds to the knowledge about the phenomenon. It provides information for health care professionals (HCPs) to understand the experience of bereaved milk donors and serves as a call to action for HCPs to develop best practices and incorporate lactation management in enhanced, individualized bereavement care for these women.
哺乳期的第二阶段是在分娩后，无论婴儿是否存活，都会产生大量的乳汁。先前的研究表明，在围产期丧失后捐献母乳可能有助于一些失去孩子的母亲接受现实。本研究的目的是探索选择在围产期丧失后继续捐献母乳的妇女的经历，这些母乳是专门捐献给由北美母乳银行协会（HMBANA）管理的非营利性母乳银行。
参与者是通过 HMBANA 的母乳银行主管名录、他们的悲伤委员会以及他们的网站招募的。如果他们向 HMBANA 的母乳银行捐赠，并且专门在围产期丧失后继续泵奶用于捐赠，那么他们就有资格参加。使用安全的基于网络的平台对每位参与者进行定性访谈。使用定性内容分析同时进行数据收集和分析，直到确认信息冗余为止。使用描述性统计收集和分析参与者的人口统计学和哺乳数据。
在 10 个月的时间里，对 21 名参与者进行了访谈。围产期丧失后的捐赠被描述为一种积极、有价值和滋养的体验。在几个主题中强调了减轻悲伤、增强与婴儿的联系、建立遗产和从负面创造积极，这些主题阐明了悲痛捐赠的现象。
本研究的结果与已发表的文献一致，但在本研究中，形成了两个亚组。这使研究人员能够比较有先前母乳喂养经验和没有母乳喂养经验的人的经历，这增加了对这一现象的了解。它为医疗保健专业人员（HCP）提供了了解悲痛母乳捐赠者的体验的信息，并呼吁 HCP 制定最佳实践，并将哺乳管理纳入这些妇女的增强型个体化悲痛护理中。
