Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Institute of Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 26;13:884203. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884203. eCollection 2022.
Innate-like B cells (ILBs) are a heterogeneous population B cells which participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. This diverse subset of B cells is characterized by the expression of CD5 and has been shown to secrete high levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the absence of infection or vaccination. Further, CD5 ILBs have been shown to express high basal levels of lymphocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), which are particularly sensitive to stimulation by interferon gamma (IFNγ). Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a cytosolic ligand-activated transcription factor, results in suppressed IgM responses and is dependent on LCK. A recent study showed that CD5 ILBs are particularly sensitive to AHR activation as evidenced by a significant suppression of the IgM response compared to CD5 B cells, which were refractory. Therefore, the objective of this study was to further investigate the role of LCK and PD-1 signaling in AHR-mediated suppression of CD5 ILBs. In addition, studies were conducted to establish whether IFNγ alters the levels of LCK and PD-1 in CD5 ILBs. We found that AHR activation led to a significant upregulation of total LCK and PD-1 proteins in CD5 ILBs, which correlated with suppression of IgM. Interestingly, treatment with recombinant IFNγ reduced LCK protein levels and reversed AHR-mediated IgM suppression in CD5 ILBs in a similar manner as LCK inhibitors. Collectively, these results support a critical role for LCK and PD-1 in AHR-mediated suppression of the IgM response in human CD5 ILBs.
先天样 B 细胞 (ILB) 是一种异质性 B 细胞群体,参与固有和适应性免疫反应。这种 B 细胞的多样化亚群的特征是表达 CD5,并已被证明在没有感染或接种疫苗的情况下分泌高水平的免疫球蛋白 M (IgM)。此外,已经表明 CD5 ILB 表达高水平的淋巴细胞特异性酪氨酸激酶 (LCK) 和程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1 (PD-1) 的基础水平,这对干扰素 γ (IFNγ) 的刺激特别敏感。先前的研究表明,芳基烃受体 (AHR) 的激活,一种细胞溶质配体激活的转录因子,导致 IgM 反应受到抑制,并且依赖于 LCK。最近的一项研究表明,CD5 ILB 对 AHR 激活特别敏感,这表现在与 CD5 B 细胞相比,IgM 反应受到显著抑制,而 CD5 B 细胞则具有抗性。因此,本研究的目的是进一步研究 LCK 和 PD-1 信号在 AHR 介导的 CD5 ILB 抑制中的作用。此外,还进行了研究以确定 IFNγ 是否改变 CD5 ILB 中 LCK 和 PD-1 的水平。我们发现 AHR 激活导致 CD5 ILB 中总 LCK 和 PD-1 蛋白的显著上调,这与 IgM 的抑制相关。有趣的是,用重组 IFNγ 处理可降低 CD5 ILB 中的 LCK 蛋白水平,并以类似于 LCK 抑制剂的方式逆转 AHR 介导的 IgM 抑制。总之,这些结果支持 LCK 和 PD-1 在 AHR 介导的人 CD5 ILB 中 IgM 反应抑制中的关键作用。
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