Audiology, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
Audiology, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
Sleep Med. 2022 Jul;95:55-75. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.04.005. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to multiple co-morbidities, and some research points to a potential relationship between OSA and hearing and balance dysfunction, and the benefits of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.
The present study was undertaken as a scoping review of research on OSA and its impact on hearing and balance function in adults and children and whether the treatment of CPAP would affect hearing and balance function.
Online databases were used to identify 45 papers published that used hearing and balance assessments concerning OSA and CPAP therapy as a primary outcome. The secondary outcome was the subjective perception through validated questionnaires.
Whilst the data on the effect of OSA on middle ear function remains inconclusive, most papers demonstrate an increase in hearing thresholds, an absence of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and delayed auditory brainstem response (ABR) in adults with OSA. Nystagmus and abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) were observed in the small number of papers. The positive pressure from CPAP significantly and transiently increases middle ear pressure, however, its effects on other auditory regions and the vestibular system remains inconclusive. Research on hearing and balance function in children with OSA is limited.
Narrow assessments of hearing and balance are not sufficient to understand the nature of hearing and balance function in OSA patients and the effect of CPAP therapy. More comprehensive assessments are necessary to observe peripheral and central changes in the auditory and vestibular pathways.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与多种合并症有关，一些研究指出 OSA 与听力和平衡功能障碍之间存在潜在关系，以及持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗的益处。
本研究是对 OSA 及其对成人和儿童听力和平衡功能影响的研究进行的范围综述，以及 CPAP 治疗是否会影响听力和平衡功能。
使用在线数据库确定了 45 篇发表的论文，这些论文使用听力和平衡评估作为主要结果，涉及 OSA 和 CPAP 治疗。次要结果是通过验证性问卷进行的主观感知。
虽然关于 OSA 对中耳功能影响的数据尚无定论，但大多数论文表明，OSA 成人的听力阈值增加，耳声发射（OAE）缺失，听觉脑干反应（ABR）延迟。在少数论文中观察到眼球震颤和异常前庭诱发肌源性电位（VEMP）。CPAP 的正压显著且短暂地增加中耳压力，但对其他听觉区域和前庭系统的影响尚无定论。关于 OSA 儿童听力和平衡功能的研究有限。
对听力和平衡的狭隘评估不足以了解 OSA 患者听力和平衡功能的性质以及 CPAP 治疗的效果。需要更全面的评估来观察听觉和前庭通路的外周和中枢变化。
