Center On Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9100 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, USA.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Room, 330 LSHTM 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
BMC Womens Health. 2022 May 18;22(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01724-y.
Prior cross-sectional research suggests that both men's and women's attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) are predictive of women's IPV experience, although this can vary greatly by context. In general, women who have experienced IPV are likely to report attitudes accepting of it. Men who perpetrate IPV may also report attitudes accepting of it, although some research has found that there is not always an association. Studies that investigate these dynamics often conflate attitudes with social norms, or use attitudes as a proxy for social norms, given that valid measures on social norms are usually lacking. Here we conduct a secondary data analysis to ask how are men's and women's IPV-related attitudes associated with women's reports of IPV and how are men's and women's perceived social norms associated with women's reports of IPV.
Dyadic data were collected from a representative sample of married adolescent girls and their husbands in 48 rural villages of the Dosso region of Niger (N = 1010). Assessments included logistic regression analyses of husbands' and wives' reports of individual attitudes towards IPV, and social norms based on husbands' and wives' perceptions of their communities' beliefs related to gender roles and acceptability of IPV.
Eight percent of women in this sample reported IPV. We found that, consistent with other research, wives who have reported IPV are more likely to report attitudes in support of IPV, while for husbands whose wives report IPV, that relationship is insignificant. On the other hand, husbands who report that people in their community believe there are times when a woman deserves to be beaten are more likely to have perpetrated IPV, while for wives there is no association between the community norm and IPV reporting. Finally, wives who report that people in their community hold inequitable gender norms in general are more likely to have experienced IPV, while for husbands, community gender norms are not predictive of whether their wives have reported IPV.
Our results are evidence that IPV prevention interventions focused solely on individual attitudes may be insufficient. Targeting and assessment of social norms are likely critical to advancing understanding and prevention of IPV.
先前的横断面研究表明，男性和女性对亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的态度都可以预测女性的 IPV 经历，但这在很大程度上因背景而异。一般来说，经历过 IPV 的女性更有可能报告接受这种暴力的态度。实施 IPV 的男性也可能报告接受这种暴力的态度，尽管一些研究发现并非总是存在关联。研究这些动态的研究通常将态度与社会规范混为一谈，或者使用态度作为社会规范的代理，因为通常缺乏有效的社会规范衡量标准。在这里，我们进行二次数据分析，以了解男性和女性与 IPV 相关的态度如何与女性报告的 IPV 相关，以及男性和女性感知的社会规范如何与女性报告的 IPV 相关。
从尼日尔多索地区 48 个农村村庄的代表性已婚少女及其丈夫中收集了成对数据（N=1010）。评估包括对丈夫和妻子对 IPV 的个人态度以及基于丈夫和妻子对其社区与性别角色和 IPV 可接受性相关的信仰的感知的社会规范的逻辑回归分析。
在这个样本中，有 8%的女性报告了 IPV。我们发现，与其他研究一致，报告过 IPV 的妻子更有可能报告支持 IPV 的态度，而对于妻子报告过 IPV 的丈夫，这种关系则不显著。另一方面，报告社区中的人认为有时女性应该被打的丈夫更有可能实施 IPV，而对于妻子，社区规范与 IPV 报告之间没有关联。最后，报告社区中一般存在不平等性别规范的妻子更有可能经历过 IPV，而对于丈夫，社区性别规范并不能预测他们的妻子是否报告过 IPV。
我们的结果表明，仅针对个人态度的 IPV 预防干预措施可能是不够的。针对和评估社会规范可能是深入了解和预防 IPV 的关键。
