The Characteristics of Moisture and Shrinkage of × E. Grandis Wood during Conventional Drying.

High quality lumbers produced from plantations can be used to make higher value-added solid wood products. Moisture flow affects shrinkage, deformation, and quality of wood during conventional drying. In this study, 50 and 100 mm long samples were dried using a conventional drying method. The drying curves, drying rate, moisture content (MC) gradient and distribution, moisture flow, and shrinkage during the drying process were investigated. The results show: Drying was much faster in the first 15 h for all samples and became slow as MC decreased. The drying rate above fiber saturated point (FSP) was about 3.5 times of that below FSP for all samples. The drying rate of 50 mm samples above and below FSP is 1.40 and 1.33 times of 100 mm samples; MC gradients are greater in tangential, radial directions, and cross-sections for both samples when the MC is above FSP, especially at an average MC of 50%. MC gradient along the tangential and radial direction depends on the samples size and MC stages. The short samples have much greater MC gradients than the longer samples above FSP. Moisture distributions on the cross-sections of wood coincide with the moisture gradient in the cross-sections. At an average MC of 50%, the moisture distributions of 50 mm are highly uneven, while they are relatively even in the middle of 100 mm samples, and become much more even at the end of the sample. Moisture distributions become even as MC decreases in all of the samples. Water migration directions vary by state of water. In the short samples, most free water migrates more in the fiber direction from the wood center toward the end surfaces, but bound water diffusion becomes weak. The collapse in the 50 mm samples is significantly larger than that in the 100 mm samples, indicating that the collapse is affected by the dimension of the sample.