College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(47):71474-71486. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20867-x. Epub 2022 May 21.
Understanding the factors driving ecosystem service (ES) change is essential for maintaining ES functions and achieving sustainable development. Although research on the spatial variations in the effects of driving forces on ESs provides guidance for regional ecological management, the responses of driving forces to environmental conditions have not been adequately investigated, especially in regions with high spatial heterogeneity. By using remote sensing images and socioeconomic data, this paper aims to fill this gap by estimating the spatial distribution characteristics of the effects of driving forces on ESs and their responses to different environmental conditions in Sichuan Province, China. First, the biophysical values of soil conservation (SC) and water yield (WY) were evaluated using ecological simulation models. Second, the spatial distribution of the effects of four driving forces on two services was explored using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Finally, the responses of driving forces to environmental conditions were quantified by using scatter plots. The results revealed that the spatial patterns of SC and WY showed spatial heterogeneity. The effects of driving forces on ESs varied with space. Both positive and negative effects of driving forces were observed in Sichuan Province. Under different biophysical and socioeconomic conditions, the effects of driving forces on ESs showed different change trends, characterized by fluctuating trends and obvious thresholds. In our study area, urban sprawl, impervious surfaces, agricultural expansion, intensive human activities, and complex topographic features contributed to the variations in the effects of driving forces. Our results suggest that the responses of driving forces to different land-use coverage, topographical, NDVI, and socioeconomic conditions should be considered in ecological decision-making. Such research results are expected to manage the driving forces of ESs and serve as a practical reference for local management in order to maintain the functions of ESs and attain sustainable development.
理解驱动生态系统服务（ES）变化的因素对于维持 ES 功能和实现可持续发展至关重要。尽管关于驱动力对 ES 影响的空间变化的研究为区域生态管理提供了指导，但对于驱动力对环境条件的响应，特别是在空间异质性较高的地区，研究还不够充分。本文利用遥感图像和社会经济数据，旨在通过估计驱动力对 ES 影响的空间分布特征及其对四川省不同环境条件的响应，填补这一空白。首先，利用生态模拟模型评估了土壤保持（SC）和产水量（WY）的生物物理值。其次，利用地理加权回归（GWR）模型探讨了四种驱动力对两种服务的影响的空间分布。最后，通过散点图量化了驱动力对环境条件的响应。结果表明，SC 和 WY 的空间格局表现出空间异质性。驱动力对 ES 的影响随空间而异。四川省存在驱动力对 ES 的正、负效应。在不同的生物物理和社会经济条件下，驱动力对 ES 的影响表现出不同的变化趋势，表现为波动趋势和明显的阈值。在我们的研究区域，城市扩张、不透水面、农业扩张、人类活动密集和复杂的地形特征导致了驱动力效应的变化。我们的研究结果表明，在生态决策中应考虑驱动力对不同土地利用覆盖、地形、NDVI 和社会经济条件的响应。这些研究结果有望管理 ES 的驱动因素，并为当地管理提供实用参考，以维持 ES 的功能并实现可持续发展。
