Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N Saint Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W Harrison Street, 1018D, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 Jul;305:115071. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115071. Epub 2022 May 25.
Spontaneous cessation and reduction in smoking by pregnant women suggest that concern about others, or empathy, could be a malleable target for intervention. We examined various empathy-related processes in relations to reported and biochemically assessed smoking during pregnancy.
Participants were 154 pregnant women (M = 12.4 weeks gestation, SD = 4.6) who were smoking cigarettes immediately prior to pregnancy recognition (85 had quit and 69 were still smoking at enrollment). Empathy-related processes were measured with performance-based paradigms (affect sharing, empathic concern, and theory of mind) and a speech sample (expressed emotion). Smoking was assessed with timeline follow back interviews and urine cotinine assays. Using zero-inflated Poisson regression models, we tested direct and interactive effects of empathy-related processes with respect to biologically verified smoking cessation (zero portion); and mean cigarettes/day smoked after pregnancy recognition among persistent smokers (count portion).
Affect sharing was inversely related to post-recognition cigarettes/day (B(SE) = -0.17(0.07), 95%C.I. -0.30,-0.04, p = .011) and moderated the relationship between pre-recognition smoking and post-recognition smoking consistent with a buffering effect (B(SE) = -.17(0.05); 95%C.I. - 0.28,-0.06; p = .002). Other empathy related processes showed neither direct nor interactive effects on smoking outcomes.
Further research is recommended to clarify the role of empathy in pregnancy smoking.
孕妇自发停止和减少吸烟表明，对他人的关注或同理心可能是一个可以干预的可变目标。我们研究了各种与同理心相关的过程与怀孕期间报告和生物化学评估的吸烟之间的关系。
参与者为 154 名孕妇（M=12.4 周妊娠，SD=4.6），在怀孕被确认之前立即吸烟（85 名已经戒烟，69 名仍在吸烟）。使用基于表现的范式（情感共享、同理心关注和心理理论）和言语样本（表达情绪）测量同理心相关过程。使用时间线随访访谈和尿液可替宁检测评估吸烟情况。使用零膨胀泊松回归模型，我们测试了同理心相关过程对生物验证的戒烟（零部分）和持续吸烟者怀孕后吸烟量（计数部分）的直接和交互影响。
情感共享与怀孕后每天吸烟量呈负相关（B（SE）=-0.17（0.07），95%置信区间-0.30，-0.04，p=0.011），并且调节了怀孕前吸烟与怀孕后吸烟之间的关系，符合缓冲效应（B（SE）=-0.17（0.05）；95%置信区间-0.28，-0.06；p=0.002）。其他同理心相关过程既没有直接影响，也没有对吸烟结果产生交互影响。
建议进一步研究以阐明同理心在怀孕吸烟中的作用。
