Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Semin Liver Dis. 2022 Aug;42(3):271-282. doi: 10.1055/a-1869-7714. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
During biliary tree homeostasis, BECs are largely in a quiescent state and their turnover is slow for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. BTSCs continually replenish new BECs in the luminal surface of EHBDs. In response to various types of biliary injuries, distinct cellular sources, including HPCs, BTSCs, hepatocytes, and BECs, repair or regenerate the injured bile duct. BEC, biliary epithelial cell; BTSC, biliary tree stem/progenitor cell; EHBD, extrahepatic bile ducts; HPC, hepatic progenitor cell.The biliary tree comprises intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts lined with epithelial cells known as biliary epithelial cells (BECs). BECs are a common target of various cholangiopathies for which there is an unmet therapeutic need in clinical hepatology. The repair and regeneration of biliary tissue may potentially restore the normal architecture and function of the biliary tree. Hence, the repair and regeneration process in detail, including the replication of existing BECs, expansion and differentiation of the hepatic progenitor cells and biliary tree stem/progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of the hepatocytes, should be understood. In this paper, we review biliary tree homeostasis, repair, and regeneration and discuss the feasibility of regenerative therapy strategies for cholangiopathy treatment.
在胆道树稳态中，BEC 大部分处于静止状态，其更替缓慢，以维持正常的组织稳态。BTSC 不断在 EHBD 的腔面补充新的 BEC。针对各种类型的胆道损伤，包括 HPC、BTSC、肝细胞和 BEC 在内的不同细胞来源可修复或再生受损的胆管。BEC，胆管上皮细胞；BTSC，胆管树干/祖细胞；EHBD，肝外胆管；HPC，肝祖细胞。胆道树由肝内胆管和肝外胆管组成，由上皮细胞组成，称为胆管上皮细胞（BEC）。BEC 是各种胆管疾病的常见靶点，在临床肝病学中存在未满足的治疗需求。胆道组织的修复和再生可能潜在地恢复胆道树的正常结构和功能。因此，需要详细了解修复和再生过程，包括现有 BEC 的复制、肝祖细胞和胆管树干/祖细胞的扩增和分化以及肝细胞的转分化。本文综述了胆道树稳态、修复和再生，并讨论了再生治疗策略治疗胆管病的可行性。
