Nascente Eduardo de Paula, Amorim Renée Laufer, Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo, de Moura Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 May 31;14(11):2727. doi: 10.3390/cancers14112727.
First described in 1817, prostate cancer is considered a complex neoplastic entity, and one of the main causes of death in men in the western world. In dogs, prostatic carcinoma (PC) exhibits undifferentiated morphology with different phenotypes, is hormonally independent of aggressive character, and has high rates of metastasis to different organs. Although in humans, the risk factors for tumor development are known, in dogs, this scenario is still unclear, especially regarding castration. Therefore, with the advent of molecular biology, studies were and are carried out with the aim of identifying the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of canine PC, aiming to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. However, there are extensive gaps to be filled, especially when considering the dog as experimental model for the study of this neoplasm in humans. Thus, due to the complexity of the subject, the objective of this review is to present the main pathobiological aspects of canine PC from a comparative point of view to the same neoplasm in the human species, addressing the historical context and current understanding in the scientific field.
前列腺癌于1817年首次被描述，被认为是一种复杂的肿瘤实体，也是西方世界男性主要的死亡原因之一。在犬类中，前列腺癌（PC）表现出具有不同表型的未分化形态，激素依赖性强且具有侵袭性，并且转移到不同器官的发生率很高。虽然在人类中，肿瘤发生的风险因素是已知的，但在犬类中，这种情况仍然不清楚，尤其是关于去势方面。因此，随着分子生物学的出现，人们开展了一系列研究，旨在确定参与犬类前列腺癌发生和发展的主要分子机制和信号通路，以寻找潜在的诊断、预后和靶向治疗生物标志物。然而，仍有大量空白需要填补，特别是将犬类作为人类这种肿瘤研究的实验模型时。因此，由于该主题的复杂性，本综述的目的是从与人类同一肿瘤的比较角度，介绍犬类前列腺癌的主要病理生物学方面，阐述该领域的历史背景和当前认识。
