Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(55):83810-83823. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21450-0. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
The revival of natural dyes in different walks of life is due to stringent environmental standards imposed by many associations. For current studies, flowers of haar singhar (Nyctanthes arbor-tritis) has been chosen for bio-dyeing of cotton fabric using microwave irradiation techniques. For this purpose, liquid extracts and fabrics were exposed to microwave for 5 min at various conditions. These treated and un-treated dye extracts obtained in respective media were employed to dye the radiated and non-radiated cotton fabrics. The characterization of extract and untreated and undyed irradiated fabrics samples was done through FTIR. Different dyeing variables were optimized under CCD response surface methodology as a statistical tool. With the introduction of new shades and improvement of colorfastness properties, different concentrations of sustainable chemical and bio-mordant were employed. All dyed cotton fabrics were exposed to CIE-color space system for estimation of color coordinates and color strength by using spectra flash SF600 and to rate colorfastness properties using ISO standard methods for light, dry and wet rubbing, washing fastness. Cotton fabric was dyed with haar singhar flower extract of 7 pH from 4 g of powder, using 1.5 g/100 mL salt solution at 60 °C for 30 min. To get acceptable shades, aqueous extract after microwave treatment for 4 min provided excellent color strength. Pistachio (K/S = 3.6342) is a bio-mordant with great results, and aluminum (K/S = 4.8205) is a chemical mordant with outstanding results. It is found that green methods for isolation of colorant and green mordants for getting new shades should be employed.
由于许多协会施加了严格的环境标准，天然染料在不同领域得到了复兴。在当前的研究中，选择了含笑花（Nyctanthes arbor-tritis）的花用于棉织物的生物染色，使用微波辐射技术。为此，将液体提取物和织物在不同条件下暴露于微波中 5 分钟。在各自的介质中获得的这些处理和未处理的染料提取物用于对辐射和未辐射的棉织物进行染色。通过 FTIR 对提取物和未处理的、未染色的辐射织物样品进行了表征。使用 CCD 响应面方法作为统计工具，优化了不同的染色变量。通过引入新色调和改善色牢度特性，使用了不同浓度的可持续化学物质和生物媒染剂。所有染色的棉织物都暴露在 CIE 颜色空间系统中，使用光谱闪烁 SF600 估计颜色坐标和颜色强度，并使用 ISO 标准方法评估光、干和湿摩擦、洗涤牢度的色牢度特性。棉织物用 7 pH 的含笑花提取物染色，粉末用量为 4 克，盐溶液用量为 1.5 克/100 毫升，在 60°C 下染色 30 分钟。为了获得可接受的色调，微波处理 4 分钟后的水提取物提供了极好的颜色强度。开心果（K/S = 3.6342）是一种生物媒染剂，效果很好，而铝（K/S = 4.8205）是一种化学媒染剂，效果非常好。发现应该采用绿色方法来分离色素和获得新色调的绿色媒染剂。
