Shaw Saurabh Bhaskar, Levy Yarden, Mizzi Allison, Herman Gabrielle, McKinnon Margaret C, Heisz Jennifer J, Becker Suzanna
Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Jun 14;16:838614. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838614. eCollection 2022.
Lifestyle interventions such as exercise and mindfulness training have the potential to ameliorate mental health symptoms and restore dysregulated intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) dynamics, seen in many psychopathologies. Multiple lifestyle interventions, in combination, may interact synergistically for enhanced benefits. While the impacts of lifestyle interventions on subjective measures of mood are well-documented, their impacts on ICN dynamics are not well-established. In this study, we assessed the validity of EEG-derived measures of ICN dynamics as potential markers of mood disorders, by tracking ICN dynamics and mood symptoms through the course of a longitudinal exercise intervention. Specifically, we investigated the separate and combined effects of aerobic exercise and mindfulness-like neurofeedback training on task-linked ICN dynamics of the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN). Participants were assigned pseudo-randomly into four experimental conditions-Control, Running, Neurofeedback, and Combined, performing the corresponding intervention for 16 sessions across 8 weeks. Intervention-linked changes in ICN dynamics were studied using EEG-based neuroimaging scans before and after the 8-week intervention, during which participants performed multiple blocks of autobiographical memory recall (AM) and working memory (WM) trials, designed to activate the DMN and CEN, respectively, and to activate the SN in conjunction with the task-appropriate network. The EEG-based features for classification of the three core networks had been identified in our prior research from simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI during the same AM and WM tasks. We categorized participants as "responders" or "non-responders" based on whether the exercise intervention increased their aerobic capacity (VO2-max) (Running/Combined group), and/or neurofeedback increased the percentage time spent in the calm mindfulness state (Neurofeedback/Combined group). In responders, compared to each intervention alone, the combined exercise-neurofeedback intervention resulted in a more healthy CEN-SN synchrony pattern. Interestingly, non-responders to neurofeedback exhibited a maladaptive pattern of persistent, task-inappropriate DMN-SN synchrony which we speculate could be linked to depressive rumination. Furthermore, the CEN-SN synchrony at baseline predicted NFB response with up to 80% accuracy, demonstrating the potential utility of such network-based biomarkers in personalizing intervention plans.
诸如运动和正念训练等生活方式干预措施有改善心理健康症状以及恢复在许多精神病理学中出现的失调的内在连接网络(ICN)动态的潜力。多种生活方式干预措施相结合,可能会产生协同作用以增强益处。虽然生活方式干预对情绪主观指标的影响已有充分记录,但其对ICN动态的影响尚未明确。在本研究中,我们通过在一项纵向运动干预过程中追踪ICN动态和情绪症状,评估了源自脑电图(EEG)的ICN动态测量作为情绪障碍潜在标志物的有效性。具体而言,我们研究了有氧运动和类似正念的神经反馈训练对默认模式网络(DMN)、中央执行网络(CEN)和突显网络(SN)与任务相关的ICN动态的单独及联合影响。参与者被伪随机分配到四个实验条件组——对照组、跑步组、神经反馈组和联合组,在8周内进行16次相应干预。使用基于EEG的神经影像扫描研究了8周干预前后与干预相关的ICN动态变化,在此期间参与者进行了多个自传体记忆回忆(AM)和工作记忆(WM)试验块,分别旨在激活DMN和CEN,并与任务适当网络一起激活SN。在我们之前的研究中,通过在相同的AM和WM任务期间同时记录EEG和功能磁共振成像(fMRI),已确定了用于对三个核心网络进行分类的基于EEG的特征。我们根据运动干预是否提高了他们的有氧能力(最大摄氧量)(跑步/联合组),和/或神经反馈是否增加了处于平静正念状态的时间百分比(神经反馈/联合组),将参与者分类为“反应者”或“无反应者”。在反应者中,与单独的每种干预相比,运动 - 神经反馈联合干预导致了更健康的CEN - SN同步模式。有趣的是,对神经反馈无反应者表现出一种持续的、与任务不适当的DMN - SN同步的适应不良模式,我们推测这可能与抑郁性沉思有关。此外,基线时的CEN - SN同步以高达80%的准确率预测了神经反馈反应,证明了这种基于网络的生物标志物在个性化干预计划中的潜在效用。