Fréville Hélène, Montazeaud Germain, Forst Emma, David Jacques, Papa Roberto, Tenaillon Maud I
AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France.
Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.
Evol Appl. 2022 May 19;15(6):905-918. doi: 10.1111/eva.13390. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Plant domestication can be viewed as a form of co-evolved interspecific mutualism between humans and crops for the benefit of the two partners. Here, we ask how this plant-human mutualism has, in turn, impacted beneficial interactions within crop species, between crop species, and between crops and their associated microbial partners. We focus on beneficial interactions resulting from three main mechanisms that can be promoted by manipulating genetic diversity in agrosystems: niche partitioning, facilitation, and kin selection. We show that a combination of factors has impacted either directly or indirectly plant-plant interactions during domestication and breeding, with a trend toward reduced benefits arising from niche partitioning and facilitation. Such factors include marked decrease of molecular and functional diversity of crops and other organisms present in the agroecosystem, mass selection, and increased use of chemical inputs. For example, the latter has likely contributed to the relaxation of selection pressures on nutrient-mobilizing traits such as those associated to root exudation and plant nutrient exchanges via microbial partners. In contrast, we show that beneficial interactions arising from kin selection have likely been promoted since the advent of modern breeding. We highlight several issues that need further investigation such as whether crop phenotypic plasticity has evolved and could trigger beneficial interactions in crops, and whether human-mediated selection has impacted cooperation via kin recognition. Finally, we discuss how plant breeding and agricultural practices can help promoting beneficial interactions within and between species in the context of agroecology where the mobilization of diversity and complexity of crop interactions is viewed as a keystone of agroecosystem sustainability.
植物驯化可被视为人类与作物之间共同进化的种间互利共生形式，以造福双方。在此，我们探讨这种植物与人类的互利共生如何反过来影响作物物种内部、作物物种之间以及作物与其相关微生物伙伴之间的有益相互作用。我们关注由农业系统中操纵遗传多样性可促进的三种主要机制所产生的有益相互作用：生态位分化、促进作用和亲缘选择。我们表明，多种因素在驯化和育种过程中直接或间接影响了植物与植物之间的相互作用，生态位分化和促进作用带来的益处有减少的趋势。这些因素包括农业生态系统中作物和其他生物的分子及功能多样性显著降低、大规模选择以及化学投入物使用增加。例如，后者可能导致了对养分调动性状（如与根系分泌物及通过微生物伙伴进行的植物养分交换相关的性状）的选择压力减轻。相比之下，我们表明自现代育种出现以来，亲缘选择产生的有益相互作用可能得到了促进。我们强调了几个需要进一步研究的问题，例如作物表型可塑性是否已经进化并能触发作物中的有益相互作用，以及人类介导的选择是否通过亲缘识别影响了合作。最后，我们讨论了在农业生态学背景下，植物育种和农业实践如何有助于促进物种内部和物种之间的有益相互作用，在这种背景下，作物相互作用的多样性和复杂性的调动被视为农业生态系统可持续性的关键。
