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糖尿病前期患者的血脂异常和动脉粥样硬化性心血管风险的管理。

Management of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in prediabetes.

机构信息

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

出版信息

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Aug;190:109980. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109980. Epub 2022 Jul 3.

Abstract

Prediabetes affects at least 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. and 1 in 5 in Europe. Although guidelines advocate aggressive management of lipid parameters in diabetes, most guidelines do not address treatment of dyslipidemia in prediabetes despite the increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Several criteria are used to diagnose prediabetes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and HbA1c of 5.7-6.4%. Individuals with prediabetes have a greater risk of diabetes, a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia with a more atherogenic lipid profile and an increased risk of ASCVD. In addition to calculating ASCVD risk using traditional methods, an OGTT may further stratify risk. Those with 1-hour plasma glucose ≥8.6 mmol/L (155 mg/dL) and/or 2-hour ≥7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) (IGT) have a greater risk of ASCVD. Diet and lifestyle modification are fundamental in prediabetes. Statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors are recommended in people requiring pharmacotherapy. Although high-intensity statins may increase risk of diabetes, this is acceptable because of the greater reduction of ASCVD. The LDL-C goal in prediabetes should be individualized. In those with IGT and/or elevated 1-hour plasma glucose, the same intensive approach to dyslipidemia as recommended for diabetes should be considered, particularly if other ASCVD risk factors are present.

摘要

在美国,至少有 1/3 的成年人和在欧洲,有 1/5 的成年人患有糖尿病前期。尽管指南提倡积极控制糖尿病患者的血脂参数,但大多数指南并未针对糖尿病前期的血脂异常治疗提出建议,尽管此时发生动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的风险增加。有几个标准可用于诊断糖尿病前期:空腹血糖受损(IFG)、葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)和 HbA1c 为 5.7-6.4%。糖尿病前期患者患糖尿病的风险更大,血脂异常更为普遍,且血脂谱更具动脉粥样硬化性,ASCVD 风险增加。除了使用传统方法计算 ASCVD 风险外,还可以通过 OGTT 进一步分层风险。那些 1 小时血浆葡萄糖≥8.6mmol/L(155mg/dL)和/或 2 小时≥7.8mmol/L(140mg/dL)(IGT)的患者 ASCVD 风险更大。饮食和生活方式的改变是糖尿病前期的基础。他汀类药物、依折麦布和 PCSK9 抑制剂适用于需要药物治疗的人群。虽然高强度他汀类药物可能会增加患糖尿病的风险,但由于 ASCVD 降低幅度更大,这种风险是可以接受的。糖尿病前期的 LDL-C 目标应个体化。对于 IGT 和/或 1 小时血浆葡萄糖升高的患者,应考虑采用与糖尿病推荐的相同的强化降脂方法,尤其是存在其他 ASCVD 危险因素的情况下。

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